西安市东郊6月PM_(10)颗粒物浓度时空变化规律  

Vertical and temporal variation of PM_(10) in June in the eastern suburbs,Xi'an

作　　者：周岳[1] 赵景波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710075

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2014年第4期243-251,共9页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC30B01)

摘　　要：利用粉尘观测仪,在2012年6月对西安市东郊工业区24层高楼PM_(10)颗粒物进行了昼夜观测,研究了PM_(10)质量浓度的昼夜变化与影响因素。结果表明,PM_(10)质量浓度在高度上的变化可分为4个层段,在1m高度范围内为第1层段,浓度最低,平均为0.0027 mg·m^(-3);4~37 m高度为第2层段,浓度最高,平均为0.055 mg·m^(-3);40~55 m高度为第3层段,浓度较低,平均为0.038 mg·m^(-3);58~70 m为第4层段,浓度较高,平均为0.042 mg·m^(-3)。PM_(10)质量浓度在昼夜24小时内的变化可分为3个阶段,第1阶段在8:00—16:00,浓度最高,并由早到晚呈现出逐渐升高的趋势。第2阶段在18:00—20:00,浓度最低,从旱到晚呈逐渐下降的趋势。第3阶段在22:00—6:00,浓度居中,从早到晚呈逐渐升高的趋势。PM_(10)质量浓度昼夜变化特点是呈现极不对称双峰型,表现为白天高(平均浓度为0.048 mg·m^(-3)),夜间低(平均浓度为0.040 mg·m^(-3)),这一变化规律受大气稳定度、污染源和温度等变化的影响。在70 m高度范围内PM_(10)浓度与温度、高度的二元线性回归方程表明,在影响PM_(10)浓度的高度和温度因素中,温度对PM_(10)浓度的影响比高度大。根据环境空气质量标准进行评价,西安东郊工业区在6月监测时段内1~70 m的可吸入颗粒物浓度总体较低,空气质量良好,但要进行准确、全面的评价还需要逐日监测数据和SO_2及NO_x的监测数据。In order to study the diurnal variation of PM10 concentration and the influence factors, day and night observation was done in June 2012 in a 24-story building located in eastern suburbs of Xi＇an Industrial Zone. The results showed that the PM10 mass concentration changed with height and could be divided into four zones. Height less than 1 m was the first layer with lowest PM10 mass concentration, 4-37 m was the second layer with highest concentration, 40-55 m was the third layer with lower concentration, 58-70 m was the fourth layer with higher concentrations, with an average of 0.027 mg·m^-3, 0.055 mg·m^-3, 0.038 mg.m-3, 0.042 mg·m^-3, respectively. PM10 mass concentration within 24 hours in one day could be divided into three stages. The first stage was 8：00--16：00 with the highest concentration, and the concentration increased gradually from 8：00 to 16：00; the second stage was 18：00--20：00 with the lowest concentration, and there was a gradual downward trend; the third stage was 22：00--6：00, and the concentration increased gradually. The diurnal variation of PM10 mass concentration showed a very asymmetric bimodal pattem, which was high in the daytime （the average concentration was 0.048 mg.m 3） and low at night （the average concentration was 0.040mg·m^-3）, this change was influenced by atmospheric stability, sources of pollution and temperature, etc. The binary linear regression equation between PM10 concentration and temperature, as well as PM10 concentration and height, indicated that the influence of temperature on PM10 concentration is larger than that of height. Overall, at 1-70 m height in June in the eastern suburbs of Xi＇an, the concentration of respirable particulate matter was low, and the air quality was good according to ambient air quality standards. But accurate and comprehensive evaluation required daily monitoring data, SO2 and NOx monitoring data.

关 键 词：可吸入颗粒物 昼夜变化 垂向变化 大气污染 影响因素 西安东郊 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]