从小圩到园田:近百年来上海地区河网密度变化  

From small Wei-field pattern to Garden-style farmland:the variation of river density in Shanghai over the past century

作　　者：闫芳芳[1] 满志敏[1] 潘威[2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433 [2]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,西安710062

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2014年第6期425-433,共9页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401223);中国科学院科技基础性工作专项项目(2014FY210900);教育部全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目(201114)

摘　　要：基于GIS技术复原历史河流面貌,并构建格网体系管理历史区域水系信息,在目前的历史地理学界中尚使用较少,制约了对三角洲河网复杂形态的深入研究。本文以今上海地区为研究范围,提取本区域1918年和1978年两个时间断面上河网信息,建立湖荡面积、河网密度、河流长度等指标。比对两个时间断面上的河网密度指标发现,1918—1978年河网密化的原因是研究区在20世纪五六十年代进行大规模的水利兴修运动时,开挖新河渠的同时大量保留了原有的河道;另外,将上海地区在道光、同治年间的水利兴修运动与建国之后的农田水利发展规划进行比对可以发现,集中组织人力进行大规模运动使得建国初期对本区的传统农田水利结构"小圩"彻底改造为规整的"园田",成为今天的棋盘化格局。这说明,在太湖流域,建国后对社会基层控制能力的空前加强使得政府调集劳动力的能力大大加强,这是本区域实现河网改造很重要的原因。This article focus on the Shanghai area, extracting the region in 1918 AD and 1978 AD sections of drainage information, especially density index, 1918-1978 river densification is the cause of the research area in 1960s of large-scale water conservancy and repair campaign, the new channels excavation while substantially retaining the original river; in addition, through the comparison with the Daoguang and Tongzhi years water movement found widely across the country, after founding a state appears to ＂production＂ as the guiding agricultural development planning not only by the local government to the central government policy carry out, centralized organization of human mass movement allows the nut of the area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties formed small dike forms gradually transformed into the regular grid pattern. This description of basic social control ability of the unprecedented enhancement makes the government mobilized workforce capacity greatly strengthened, which is the implementation of area of river improvement and very important reason.

关 键 词：圩(园)田 河网密度 格网体系 GIS 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]