不同干燥温度对西洋甘菊花及其精油的影响  

Effect of Dehydration Temperature on Essential Oil Content of Dried Matricaria chamomilla L.Nobile Flowers

作　　者：雷伏贵[1] 周建金[1] 曹奕鸯[1] 胡启镔[2] 叶炜[1] 江金兰[1] 李永清[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省三明市农业科学院药用植物研究所,福建沙县365509 [2]福建省三明市农业局,福建三明365000

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2015年第8期768-774,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技星火计划项目(2013S0049);国家星火计划项目(2014GA720035)

摘　　要：采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气相色谱质谱（GCMS）联用技术研究不同干燥温度对西洋甘菊花、精油含有率及其成分的影响,结果表明：干燥温度对西洋甘菊干花精油含有率的影响排序为A1 （60℃,0.134%） 〉A2（55℃,0.117%） 〉 A3 （50℃,0.115%） 〉 CK （25℃,0.102%） 〉 A4 （45℃,0.099%） 〉 A5 （40℃,0.097%）;留香干燥以55～60℃ 为好,干燥时间以16h为宜;外观品相以45、50、55℃ 烘干品最好,60℃ 次之,40℃和阴干品最差;醇类物质8 个,占总含量的45.97% ～63.01%,以阴干品和50℃ 烘干品的含量较高;烯类物质10个,占总含量的17.46%～33.21%,以55℃和60℃烘干品的含量较高;母菊？占总含量的16.12%～17.67%,以阴干品和60℃烘干品的含量较高.Effect of dehydration temperature on the essential oil content of the dried Matricaria chamomilla L.Nobile flowers was studied.The chemical composition of the dried flowers was determined by means of steam distillation and GC-MS analysis.The experimental results indicated that the essential oil contents in the dried flowers dehydrated at various temperatures ranked as follows:0.134%at 60℃>0.117%at 55℃>0.115%at 50℃>0.102% at 25℃(control)>0.099% at 45℃>0.097% at 40℃.The best fragrance retention was achieved by drying the flowers at 55℃ or 60℃ for 16 h.The best product appearance was resulted from dehydration at 45℃,50℃ or 55℃.At 40℃,the dried flowers were least appealing.The compounds extracted included 8alcohols,which contributed 45.97%-63.01% of the total essential oils,and were higher when the dehydration temperature of 25℃or 50℃ was applied.The 10 alkenes in the extract accounted for 17.46%-33.21% of the essential oils,and were higher in the flowers dried at 55℃ or 60℃.And,the essential oils consisted 16.12%-17.67% of chamazulene,and were higher in the flowers dried at 25℃ or 60℃.

关 键 词：西洋甘菊 干燥温度 精油含有率 外观品质 母菊薁 

分 类 号：S573[农业科学—作物学]