HIMS模型蒸散发模块的改进及在海河流域的应用  

Improvement of HIMS evapotranspiration module and its application in Haihe River Basin

作　　者：刘丽芳[1] 刘昌明[1,2] 王中根[2] 白鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2015年第10期1339-1347,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271048;41330529)资助

摘　　要：利用流域分布式水文模型精确模拟计算和分析流域内不同植被类型实际蒸散发量及其时空分布特征,是当前流域蒸散发研究的一个前沿与难点问题。本文基于点尺度蒸散发观测试验与机理研究,对HIMS(Hydro-Informatic Modelling System)日过程模型蒸散发模块进行改进,考虑流域内植被空间分布和生长变化特性及灌溉措施的影响,利用分类汇总和分段单值作物系数法计算流域实际蒸散发,并在海河流域进行验证分析。研究结果表明:流域实际蒸散发模拟值与水量平衡法计算值相差3.4%,与原HIMS模型相比,蒸散发模拟精度提高9.2%;改进的模型对原有模型的模拟内容有所扩展,能够模拟林地蒸散发、草地蒸散发、冬小麦?夏玉米农田总蒸散发、作物有效蒸腾和土壤无效蒸发。改进后的HIMS模型能够快速模拟分析流域内不同植被类型实际蒸散发量及其时空分布特性,可为海河流域蒸散发管理提供技术支撑。Evapotranspiration （ET） is an vital element of the hydrological cycle and energy budget, and it is closely related to plant/crop growth. Accurate estimation and spatio-temporal distribution of ETin different vegetation types in river basins are critical for water resources research and sustainable water resources management. Distributed hydrological models are among the promising approaches to the simulation and estimation of actual ET in river basins. However, distributed models are limited in the estimation accuracy of the spatio-temporal distribution of ET in different vegetation types. The Hydro-Informatic Modelling System （HIMS）, a modular framework for distributed hydrological models, has proven very efficient in simulating streamflow. It has a simple structure and has been successfully used in China and Australia. To improve the ability to estimate actual ET using HIMS, we modified daily ET module in HIMS by demanding detailed description of evapotranspiration processes and adopting recent findings about filed ET observations. The spatial distribution and seasonal variations in land cover in the investigated basin and the effects of irrigation on actual ET were considered in the modified module. In the modified ET module, vegetation types were classified and actual ET derived as the residual sum of each vegetation type. Then ET for each vegetation type was calculated using the single crop coefficient method. Next, leaf area index calculated by the crop model was applied to separately estimate soil evaporation and plant transpiration. Vadose zone was divided into two （root zone and transition zone） and root zone soil water used to calculate soil water stress coefficient. The relationship between root and transition zone soil water storage was modeled through a linear function. Seepage from the root zone to transition zone was considered in the soil moisture calculation module. The modified ET module was validated and applied in Haihe River Basin. The results suggested that the modified module im

关 键 词：HIMS模型 蒸散发模拟 植被类型 分类汇总法 作物系数 海河流域 

分 类 号：P344[天文地球—水文科学]