黄海中南部头足类的群落结构与生物多样性  

The community structure and biodiversity of Cephalopoda in central and southern Yellow Sea

作　　者：吴强[1] 王俊[1] 李忠义[1] 戴芳群[1] 陈瑞盛[1] 孙珊[1] 金显仕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院,黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学》2015年第8期16-23,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2011CB409805);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目(2008-gy-05);山东省泰山学者工程专项(2008-67)

摘　　要：为掌握黄海中南部头足类的群落结构及数量分布,作者根据2010~2011年间春、秋、冬3个季节的底拖网调查资料,对黄海中南部头足类的种类组成、生物量分布及生物多样性进行了研究。结果显示：3个季节共捕获头足类13种,隶属3目6科6属。各季节的优势种及其生物量比重分别为：春季——双喙耳乌贼（Sepiola birostrata）50.07%、秋季——针乌贼（Sepia esculenta）40.88%、冬季——枪乌贼（Loligo spp.）68.20%。各季节头足类平均资源密度分别为春季4.85 kg/km2、秋季2.52 kg/km2、冬季12.72 kg/km2,春秋两季间差异性不显著（P〉0.05）,冬季与其他两季差异性显著（P〈0.05）。黄海中南部不同季节头足类的生物量分布变化较大,春季以西南及东北部密度最高,秋季以西南部密度最高,冬季以中部及东北部密度最高。头足类在各水深的垂直分布随季节变化。无论根据生物量还是丰度,种类丰富度指数、均匀度指数及Shannon-Wiener指数等多样性指数均以冬季最高,其次是春季,秋季最低。春季与冬季群落结构相似性较高,秋季与其他两个季节的群落结构相似性均较低。与1998~2000年同期相比,头足类种类数增加5种,相对资源密度增长了12%,枪乌贼类的生物量比重仍最高,耳乌贼类的比重提高,太平洋褶柔鱼的比重则大幅下降。In order to understand the community structure and distribution of Cephalopoda in central and southern Yellow Sea, the species composition, biomass distribution and stock of Cephalopoda were analyzed, based on the data collected by bottom trawl surveys in spring, autumn, and winter of 2010-2011. A total of 13 species of Cepha-lopoda, belonging to 3 orders, 6 families, and 6 genus, were harvested. Sepiola birostrata（50.07%） in Spring,Sepia esculenta （40.88%） in autumn, andLoligospp.（68.20%）in winter, were dominant by biomass. The Cephalopoda＆amp;nbsp;resource density was the highest in winter （12.72 kg/km2）, followed by that in spring （4.85 kg/km2）, and was the lowest in autumn （2.52 kg/km2）. The difference was not significant（ （P〉0.05）） between spring and autumn. While the differences between winter and other seasons were significant （P〈0.05）. The spatial distribution of Cephalopoda biomass was greatly different between 3 seasons. The biomass density was the highest in the northeast and southwest in spring, in the southwest in autumn, and in the center and the northeast in winter. The vertical distri-bution of Cephalopoda biomass changed in different seasons. The biodiversity of Cephalopoda was analyzed, and the results showed that the diversity index including Margalef richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon-Wiener di-versity were the highest in winter, then in spring, and the lowest in autumn. The community similarity was also analyzed and the results showed that the community similarity index was the highest between spring and winter. Comparing 2010-2011 with 1998-2000, the number of Cephalopoda species increased by 5 species, and biomass density increased by 12%.Loligospp. was still the dominant biomass species. The biomass proportion of Sepiolidae spp. increased andTodarodes pacificusdeclined greatly.

关 键 词：头足类 种类组成 生物量分布 生物多样性 黄海中南部 

分 类 号：Q-178[生物学]