Status Quo of Collection and Utilization of Rice and Wheat Straw in Jiangsu Province and the Countermeasures  

江苏省稻麦秸秆收集利用现状分析及对策（英文）

作　　者：张斯梅[1] 杨四军[1] 石祖梁[1] 常志州[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2015年第9期2014-2019,共6页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by the Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province[CX(12)1002];National Science and Technology Project(2013BAD07B09);Major Special Project of National Water Pollution Control and Governance(2012ZX07101-004)~~

摘　　要：A case study of Jiangsu Province was conducted using questionnaires and field survey to explore the status quo of the collection and utilization of rice and wheat straw of the province. Problems in collecting the straw were analyzed taking into account meteorological data of the rice and wheat harvesting seasons in the region. Results show：（1） Currently, the main handling way of rice and wheat straw was directly returning to field. The peasant households of straw returning from investigated townships A and B respectively occupied 22.01% and 28.75% of investigation households, and both of the two townships had a considerable portion of the straw wasted or improperly disposed. In township B, over 50% of the farmer households surveyed failed to make sure of any of the straw, and as high as over55% of the straw was discarded or burnt.（2） During the rice and wheat harvesting seasons, the ten-day precipitation was among 7.21-87.28 mm, and the ten-day precipitation days were among 1.53-5.00 d. Such weather not only affected timely harvesting of rice and wheat, but also seriously impeded baling, transportation and storage of straw.（3） As the crops must be harvested in a relatively short and concentrated time period, large volumes of straw were turned out within a few days.Moreover, harvesting of the first crop often coincided with sowing, leaving little time available for straw collection.（4） Straw collection was very low in economic benefit.A farmer can only get 60-90 RMB per day from straw collection and transportation,which was much lower than what they can get by working as migrant workers in the city.（5） Machines designed for straw collection were rare and those now used in the operation were low in efficiency and needed to be improved technically,which directly affected the efficiency of straw collection. The above-listed findings indicates that time shortage, negative weather condition, low benefit and low mechanization level were major factors affecting straw collection. To solve the problem以江苏省稻麦秸秆收集为例,采用问卷调查与实地调研相结合的方法,调查了稻麦秸秆收集利用现状;结合当地稻麦收获期间的气象资料,分析了稻麦秸秆收集面临的困难。结果显示：①目前稻麦秸秆的主要利用方式是直接还田,供调研2个乡（镇）秸秆还田农户分别占调研户数的22.01%和28.75%;2个乡（镇）均有部分稻麦秸秆没有得到有效处理,乡（镇）B 50%以上的农户稻麦秸秆未被利用,被遗弃和焚烧的比例高达55%以上;②稻麦收获季节旬降水量为7.21~87.28 mm,旬降水时间为1.53~5.00 d,降水天气不仅影响稻麦的适时收获,更严重影响着秸秆的收集打捆、运输与贮存;③稻麦收获时间相对集中,大量秸秆短时间内产生,收种时间几乎完全重叠,可供秸秆收集的时间极短;④秸秆收集效益低,农户收集运输的收益约为60~90元/d,低于外出务工收入,难以吸引社会资本投入到秸秆收贮产业;⑤秸秆收集打捆装备缺乏,现有收集装备及技术亟需改进和完善,秸秆收集机械化水平低,直接影响到收集效率。以上结果表明,可收集时间短、受天气影响大、收集效益低、收集机械化水平低是当前阻碍稻麦秸秆收集的主要问题,应提升秸秆收集效益驱动力,加快稻麦收割打捆机研发,建立秸秆收集长效运行机制,以解决秸秆收集难题。

关 键 词：Rice and wheat straw COLLECTION MECHANIZATION BENEFIT 

分 类 号：S38[农业科学—农艺学]