覆盖秸秆对松嫩草地补播耐盐碱牧草生长及草地土壤微生物数量的影响  

Effects of straw mulching on the growth of saline-alkali-resistant forage reseeded in the Songnen grassland and the number of soil microorganisms

作　　者：牛壮[1] 崔新[1] 贺文骅[1] 刘省勇[1] 连露[1] 冀国旭 崔国文[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科技学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015年第10期143-146,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD17B04-2)

摘　　要：为了解决黑龙江省西部松嫩平原草地盐碱化问题,试验采用补播稗草(东饲1号)和星星草,同时覆盖2.0 kg/m2(2M)、1.5 kg/m2(1.5M)、1.0 kg/m2(1M)粉碎玉米秸秆,以未补播(0M)为对照,连续三年测定了覆盖秸秆对补播牧草生长及草地土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌3种微生物数量变化的影响。结果表明:覆盖秸秆可以提高稗草的生物量,且覆盖秸秆1.5 kg/m2时生物量最高,比不覆盖提高12.63%;覆盖秸秆可以提高星星草的生物量,也是覆盖秸秆1.5 kg/m2时生物量最高,比不覆盖提高10.17%。覆盖秸秆还可以有效提高土壤微生物数量,其中在补播星星草同时覆盖秸秆1.5 kg/m2,3年土壤微生物数量均值最高,真菌、放线菌、细菌含量分别为9.480×103,6.593×104,9.602×106cfu/g,比不覆盖秸秆含量分别提高30.43%、13.89%和8.19%。同时,覆盖秸秆使补播星星草区域微生物数量逐年提高。To solve the saline- alkalization of the grassland in the western Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang province,Echinochloa crusgalli( L.)and Puccinellia tenuiflora( Turcz.) were reseeded while covering crushed corn stalks of 2 kg / m2( 2 M),1. 5 kg/m2( 1. 5 M),and 1. 0 kg/m2( 1 M) using without reseeding( 0 M) as a control,respectively. The effects of straw mulching on the growth of reseeded forages and the changes in the biomass of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the grassland of the western Songnen Plain were determined for three consecutive years. The results showed that straw mulching could increase the biomass of Echinochloa crusgalli( L.),and its biomass was the highest when covering crushed corn stalks of 1. 5 kg / m2,which was increased by 12. 63% than without covering. Straw mulching could also increase the biomass of Puccinellia tenuiflora( Turcz.),and its biomass was also the highest when covering crushed corn stalks of 1. 5 kg / m2,which was increased by 10. 17% than without covering. Straw mulching could also effectively improve soil microbial quantity,thereinto,the average quantities of soil microorganism were the highest for three years when reseeding Puccinellia tenuiflora while covering straw of 1. 5kg / m2,the quantities of fungi,actinomycetes,bacteria were 94. 80 × 102 cfu / g,65. 93 × 103 cfu / g,and 96. 02 × 105 cfu / g,which were increased by 30. 43%,13. 89% and 8. 19% than without covering,respectively. Straw mulching made the biomass of microorganisms increase in the region reseeded with Puccinellia tenuiflora year by year.

关 键 词：松嫩平原 盐碱草地 补播 星星草 稗草 覆盖秸秆 生物量 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]