空气动力学的新问题  

New problems of aerodynamics

作　　者：周恒[1] 张涵信[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学力学系,天津300072 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,国家计算流体力学实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2015年第10期104-108,共5页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

摘　　要：空气动力学是力学的一个分支,是航空航天技术的基础之一.自20世纪30年代开始,从当时的传统流体力学逐步分离出来.随着航空航天技术发展的需求,空气动力学的发展也十分迅速.在很多国家,特别是大国,在流体力学,甚至在整个力学领域的各个分支中,投入到空气动力学研究的人力和物力,都是最大的.而空气动力学自身也已形成了一个庞大的体系.但近来,近空间飞行器的研发已受到越来越多的关注,其飞行高度一般在40–70 km的高空,飞行速度一般在5–20倍声速的范围,已超出人们熟知的范围.因此人们自然要问,是否会有新的重要的空气动力学领域需要我们去开发和研究,其核心科学问题又是什么.本文将试图回答这一问题.Aerodynamics is a branch of mechanics, and is also one of the foundations of aero-space technology. Starting from 1930＇s, it gradually separate itself from the traditional fluid mechanics. With the development of aero-space technology, the development of aerodynamics is very fast. In many countries, especially in big countries, the manpower and material resources devoted to aerodynamics is the biggest among all branches of fluid mechanics and even among the whole field of mechanics. In fact, aerodynamics has already had its own comprehensive system of knowledge. But recently, the RD of the technology for near space flying vehicles, which would fly at the height of 40–70 km with the speed of 5–20 times of sound speed, has draw more and more attention. The flight height, combined with the flight speed, is new to us. So people would ask, if there is relevant new and important area of aerodynamics needs to be explored, and what would be its key scientific problem. In this paper, we would try to answer this question.

关 键 词：空气动力学 近空间 气体分子动力学 稀薄气体 

分 类 号：O355[理学—流体力学]