适度放牧对林间草原植物形态特征及生物多样性的影响  

Effects of grazing on the morphological characteristics and biodiversity of the forest steppe in Yili

作　　者：韩路[1,2] 潘伯荣[3] 王绍明[1] 王建成[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点研究实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第9期1405-1412,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31400208);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划"西部博士资助项目"(XBBS201202)

摘　　要：本研究通过对伊犁巩留县东部保护区适度放牧和无放牧的山地草本植物群落样方的调查,对植株生长周期、株高、生长型、是否有刺、茎性质、叶大小6个形态特征植物的数量进行统计,并计算4个多样性指数:Simpson指数,Shannon-Wiener指数,Brillouin指数和Fager指数,从而得到适度放牧对该山区草地生态系统生物多样性的影响。结果表明,(1)适度放牧样地内,各种形态性状植物的数量都较无牧样地有所提高,其中中等型、直立、无刺、草本以及木本植物数量显著增多(P=0.048,P=0.017,P=0.019,P=0.016,P=0.045),其余性状植物的数量增加不显著。(2)适度放牧条件下低海拔植被的丰富度,多度较无牧样地均有所提高,Simpson指数和Shannon-wiener指数均有显著的提高(P=0.028,P=0.003)。综上所述,本研究结果能为西天山国家级自然保护区的建设管理提供一定理论参考。In order to evaluate the influence of grazing on the plant biodiversity of grassland ecosystems, the quadrats with or without grazing in the forest steppe were investigate in Gongliu County, Yili. Six morphological characteristics indices including lifespan, height, growth form, spinescence, stem nature and leaf size were recorded and four biodiversity indices including Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin and Fager index were calculated. The results showed that the number of species in the grazing plots increased compared with no grazing plots, especially the number of Medium, Erect, None Spineseence, Herbaceous and Woody significantly increased （P〈0.05）. In the low altitude plots, both vegetation richness and abun- dance in the grazing plots increased compared with no grazing plots which had significantly higher （P〈0.05） Simpson and Shannon-Wiener index. The present study can provide some references for the construc- tion of the nature reserve in Western Tianshan Mountains.

关 键 词：适度放牧 林间草原 形态特征 多样性指数 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]