青藏铁路植被恢复和“黑土型”退化草地治理的实践与启示  

Management and restoration of degradation vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：胡宜刚[1] 李睿[2] 辛玉琴 朱学超 王增如[1] 赵洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]国家电网公司科技部,北京100031 [3]西藏信和监理咨询有限公司,西藏拉萨850000 [4]苏州绿化建设发展有限公司,江苏苏州215008

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第9期1413-1422,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41101081;41401112)

摘　　要：由于高、寒和旱的独特特点,青藏高原生态系统具有特殊的环境敏感性和脆弱性。近年来,工程扰动、放牧等人类活动的加剧对青藏高原生态系统稳定性的影响日渐凸显,集中表现为植被退化、土壤贫瘠化和水土流失加剧等。目前,为了尽可能避免人类活动对生态系统造成的负面影响,遏制生态环境的进一步恶化,已采用了多种方式和手段进行环境保护和植被恢复。本研究以青藏铁路工程植被恢复和"黑土型"退化草地治理两个典型案例为例,总结了青藏高原进行植被恢复的经验,提出了青藏高原植被恢复的基本原则和注意事项,对今后青藏高原工程扰动和草地退化后进行植被恢复具有指导意义。Ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau is very sensitive and fragile to any disturbance due to its high altitude, cold and arid climate conditions. Recently, the influence of increasing human activity including engineering projects and overgrazing on ecosystem stability become more and more prominent, which was mainly characterized by vegetation degradation, soil deterioration and the aggravation of soil erosion. Many protection and vegetation restoration measures have been applied to prevent further environmental deterio- ration and negative impacts caused by human activity on ecosystems to date. Taking two typical vegetation recovery practices （i. e., Qinghai-Tibetan railway engineering and ＂Black Soil＂ degraded pasture） for example, the present paper reviewed experience of vegetation recovery on the Tibetan Plateau, and presen- ted basical principles and notices, which will guide the implement of vegetation recovery to engineering disturbance and pasture degradation on the Tibetan Plateau.

关 键 词：青藏高原 植被恢复 青藏铁路 退化草地 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]