不同种植模式及追肥水平对春玉米光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Patterns and Top Dressing Levels on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize

作　　者：黄亚萍[1,2] 海江波[1,2] 罗宏博[1] 白银萍 陈慧杰[1] 尚辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2015年第9期43-50,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术发展计划(863)(2013AA102902)

摘　　要：以‘郑单958’春玉米为材料,在春玉米单作、春玉米大豆间作、春玉米油菜间作的基础上,于喇叭口期进行追肥处理,设置追肥100%、追肥50%、不追肥、追有机肥4个追肥水平,探究复合种植模式下化肥减量对春玉米光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同种植模式,春玉米与大豆间作光合特性最高,与油菜间作略高于春玉米单作;(2)不同追肥水平下,春玉米净光合速率、叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值干物质积累量与追肥量正相关,追肥100%和追有机肥能使生育后期的叶片保持较高的光合特性;(3)春玉米单作不追肥时产量最低,春玉米大豆间作追肥100%时产量达到最高,春玉米与大豆之间存在间作优势。Taking Spring Maize ‘Zhengdan 958＇ as experimental material, based on 3 planting patterns such as spring maize monoculture,intercropping of spring maize with soybean and intercropping of spring maize with rape, under the treatment of top dressing at stage of the bell, four top dressings of 100%,50% ,no treatment and organic fertilizer were conducted. The effect of different planting patterns and fertilization levels of maize on, photosynthetic characteristics and yield was studied in this paper. The results indicated that： （1）under treatment of intercropping with soybean patterns, the net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, chlorophyll SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of the spring maize were the highest, while intercropping with rape was only slightly higher than that of spring maize monoeulture; （2）under different fertilizer levels, the net photosynthetic rate, leaf area in- dex, chlorophyll SPAD value and dry matter accumulation had a positive correlation with the amount of fertilizer. Both 100% of top dressing and organic fertilizer could make the leaves maintain a longer higher photosynthetic characteristics; （3） the yield of spring maize under monoculture without fertilizer was lowest, and intercropping with soybean at top dressing of 100% was highest. In addition, spring maize had intercropping advantage with soybeans.

关 键 词：种植模式 追肥水平 春玉米 光合特性 作物产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]