麦秸纤维增强聚乙烯复合材料的制备及性能  

Preparation and Properties of Wheat Straw Fiber-reinforced Polyethylene Composites

作　　者：符彬[1] 郑霞[1] 潘亚鸽 唐钱[1] 陈茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中国塑料》2015年第9期17-21,共5页China Plastics

基　　金：湖南省自然科学省市联合基金项目(14JJ5017);湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目(13K071)

摘　　要：以麦秸纤维和聚乙烯为原料,通过模压成型制备了麦秸纤维增强聚乙烯复合材料,研究了改性剂(NaOH)浓度、麦秸纤维含量以及热压温度对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,5%NaOH处理可以溶解麦秸纤维中半纤维素、果胶等,使纤维更细化,比表面积增大,有效改善了复合材料力学性能;麦秸纤维含量为30%(质量分数,下同)时,麦秸纤维与聚乙烯混合均匀性较好,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到改善;热压温度为170℃时聚乙烯的流动性有助于改善麦秸纤维在聚乙烯中分散的均匀性,且不会使聚乙烯降解,复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到了最大值46.1 MPa和13.8 MJ/m^2。Wheat straw fiber-reinforced polyethylene composites were fabricated by molding process. The effect of modifier （NaOH）, mass fraction of wheat straw fiber, molding temperature on the composites＇ mechanical properties was investigated. It showed that a 5 % NaOH solution could dissolve the hemicellulose and pectin in wheat straw, thus refined the fiber and increased its specific surface area. The wheat straw fibers could be uniformly mixed with polyethylene when its mass fraction was 30 %, and the impact and tensile properties were improved. The optimal molding temperature was 170 ℃, at which a uniformly dispersion of wheat straw fibers in polyethylene was obtained. The impact and tensile properties of composites reached the maximum values of 46.1 MPa and 13.8 MJ/m^2, respectively.

关 键 词：聚乙烯 麦秸纤维 氢氧化钠 热压温度 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ327[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]