偏见、互疑与海权:论一战前英德关系的倒退及影响  

Prejudice,Distrust and Seapower:The Deterioration of Anglo-German Relations and Its Lessons

作　　者：顾全[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《亚非纵横》2015年第5期41-66,126-127,共26页ASIA & AFRICA REVIEW

摘　　要：虽然一战前以"海军竞赛"为特征的英德矛盾是时下热门话题,但更值得关注的是英德两国由合作走向纷争的过程与原因。在回顾和分析英德两国自19世纪后期起的决策思想与演变的基础上,本文认为,英德关系之所以呈现上述倒退是因为战前两国外交精英在各自"战略偏见"的指导下使双边政策互动陷入了一种"战略互疑"的泥潭之中。由此,两国关系在并无多少根本冲突或竞争的情况下渐趋冷淡、疏远和敌对。同时,由双边关系倒退导致的海上竞争不仅改变了英德关系的走向,而且也重塑了欧洲乃至世界的海权和战略格局,导致了英国世界霸权的加速衰退和列强地区争夺的加剧。这一发现不仅有助于深化对一战前国际关系史的理解,也能为今天的大国关系提供有益借鉴和教训。Despite frequent talks about pre-WWI Anglo-German Antagonism highlighted by spectacular 'Naval Race',an issue that is much more intriguing is why the Anglo-German relations fell into deterioration,that is,from 'cooperation' to 'conflict'.Based on reviewing the thinking as well as the changes of German and British foreign policies since late 19' century,it is shown that a distinct 'strategic prejudice' held either by British or German statesmen pushed the bilateral interaction into a vicious circle of 'strategic distrust' that gradually wore down goodwill when there were few fundamental clashes of interest between them.In addition,the above-mentioned process also imposed great influence on the transformation of European and even world-wide seapower and strategic structure,which contributed to the acceleration of British global decline and the intensification of various regional power struggles.This finding not only facilitates the understanding of pre-war IR history,but also provides beneficial lessons for handling of the current great power relations.

关 键 词：偏见 互疑 海权 英德关系 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]