放牧对伊犁绢蒿叶解剖结构及表皮微形态特征的影响初探  

Preliminary Study on the Effects of Grazing on Anatomic Structure and Epidermal Micro-morphological Characters of Seriphidium transiliense Leaves

作　　者：陈玉萍[1] 李培英[1] 孙宗玖[1] 杨合龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2015年第4期270-276,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160477;31260574);新疆研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2014081)

摘　　要：为了揭示植物微观特征对放牧干扰的适应机制,在新疆天山北坡荒漠草地开展了放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿（Seriphidium transiliense）叶片小裂叶解剖结构及表皮微形态特征影响的研究.结果表明,放牧使伊犁绢蒿叶厚、叶宽、主脉厚度、上表皮细胞角质层厚、下表皮细胞角质层厚、上表皮栅栏组织厚、下表皮栅栏组织厚、主脉维管束直径、侧脉维管束直径呈降低趋势,降幅为10.41%-34.59%.轻度放牧、中度放牧、重度放牧间仅在叶宽、主脉维管束直径呈显著差异（P 〈0.05）;变异系数分析结合相关性分析表明,叶厚、叶宽、主脉厚度、上表皮细胞角质层厚、栅栏组织、侧脉维管束直径对放牧响应较为敏感;与对照比,放牧后伊犁绢蒿叶表皮蛛丝状绒毛呈狭长型增加,叶表皮外壁脊状凸起不规则,条状纹饰长短不一,分布不均匀,且重度放牧下凸起间沟壑较轻度放牧和中度放牧深.In order to reveal adaptive mechanism of plant microscopic features to grazing disturbance,the effect of grazing on anatomic structure and epidermal micro-morphology of Seriphidium transiliense leaves was studied on desert grassland of northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.Results showed that leaf thickness,leaf widths,main vein thicknesses,cut-in thicknesses of upper epidermal cells,cut-in thicknesses of lower epidermal cells,thicknesses of palisade tissue of upper epidermis,thicknesses of palisade tissue of lower epidermis,main vein vascular bundle diameters,lateral vein vascular bundle diameters of S.transiliense decreased under grazing,decline of 10.41%-34.59%.There was significant difference only on blade widths and main vein vascular bundle diameters among light grazing,medium grazing and heavy grazing(P <0.05).Variation coefficients and correlation analysis indicated that leaf thickness,leaf widths,main vein thickness,cut-in thickness of upper epidermal cells,palisade tissue,lateral vein vascular bundle diameters were sensitive to grazing.Compared with the control,arachnoid tomentum of S.transilienseleaf epidermis increased elongately,epidermatic outer wall of leaf became irregular and strip pattern varied in length and distributed not evenly after grazing and gaps between bumps under heavy grazing were deeper than these under light or medium grazing.

关 键 词：伊犁绢蒿 放牧干扰 微形态 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]