模拟根层障碍条件下不同深度玉米根系与产量的关系研究  

Relationship of Roots in Different Soil Strata and Yield of Maize under Simulated Obstacle of Root Layer

作　　者：王志刚[1] 王俊[1,2] 高聚林[1] 尹斌[1] 白建芳[1] 余少波[1] 梁红伟[1] 李雅剑 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区水土保持监测站,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《玉米科学》2015年第5期61-65,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划(NJYT-14-B04);国家自然科学基金项目(31301265;31460329);内蒙古农业大学博士科研启动基金(BJ09-15);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD16B14)

摘　　要：在池栽条件下采用模拟根层障碍的方法,研究不同深度根系与玉米生长和产量的关系。结果表明,根层阻隔显著降低玉米根系的生物量、总根长和根表面积,各处理光合生产能力和子粒产量显著低于无阻隔（对照）;随着阻隔层的下移,根系和冠层各指标和产量受到的影响逐渐变小,0-20、21-40、41-60、61-80、80 cm以下各层根系对产量的相对贡献率分别为52%、11%、7%、12%、19%。20 cm耕层以下根系对产量的贡献达48%,其中60cm以下土层内根系对产量的贡献达31%,说明深层根系虽然生物量占总生物量比例很小,但其在花粒期对深层水肥的吸收利用对产量形成具有重要作用。In order to clarify the relationship of roots in different soil strata and yield of maize, an experimentwith simulated root-layer obstacles in field pools was conducted. The result showed that root indexes including rootbiomass, total root length and root surface area, canopy photosynthesis capacity and yield of root limited treatmentswere significantly lower than that of control（without root limited）. The relative contribution of roots in 0-20 cm, 21-40 cm, 41-60 cm, 61-80 cm and below 80 cm soil strata were calculated from the yield losses compared to control,which separately were 52%, 11%, 7%, 12% and 19%. This indicated that root below the 20 cm plowing layer contrib-uted 48% to maize yield, in which the root below 60 cm soil layer contributed 31% to maize yield. This result mani-fested that deep roots played an important role to maize yield by uptaking water and nutrition during post-anthesisperiod with relative smaller proportion to total root biomass.

关 键 词：玉米 根系 产量 贡献率 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]