一穴多株种植对夏玉米子粒灌浆和产量的影响  

Grain Filling and Yield of Summer Maize under Planting Pattern of More Plants per Hill

作　　者：王云奇[1] 张英华[1] 宋文品 李金鹏[1] 邓万云[1] 王志敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/作物生态生理实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《玉米科学》2015年第5期117-123,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31401297);北京市青年英才专项(31056101);公益性行业科研专项项目(201303133)

摘　　要：在密度为82 500株/hm2,通过一穴多株种植方式调整株距,设一穴一株(对照,P1)、一穴二株(P2)、一穴三株(P3)3个处理,对比分析不同处理下夏玉米的光合速率、花后叶片特性、子粒灌浆速率和穗部性状,对粒重和产量进行评价,验证在高密种植条件下调整株距能否改善夏玉米子粒灌浆和产量。研究结果表明,通过一穴多株种植方式适当扩大株距可以提高夏玉米的光合速率,改善穗部性状,延缓夏玉米花后叶面积指数和SPAD值下降以及叶片衰老,夏玉米子粒体积、粒重和灌浆速率得到显著改善。与对照P1相比,P2、P3处理的产量分别提高5.8%、4.9%。在高密种植情况下,通过一穴二株来调整株距可以延缓花后叶片衰老,从而保证子粒灌浆足够的光合面积,最终实现粒重的增加和产量的显著提高。The planting distance was adjusted by planting pattern of more plants per hill. There were threetreatments[CK, one plant per hill（P1）], two plants per hill（P2）, three plants per hill（P3） under the density of 82 500plants/ha. The leaf traits after flowering, grain filling, ear traits, and grain weight and grain yield of three treatmentswere observed and measured. It was to improve the photosynthesis efficiency and ear traits by the right enhance ofplanting distance with more plants per hill. There was decrease in leaf area index reduction, leaf senility, and SPADvalue decrement during grain filling stage with planting patterns of more plants per hill. In this research, it was re-corded that grain weight, grain volume and grain filling were enhanced a lot by planting patterns of more plants perhill. The grain yield of P2 and P3 was increased by 5.8%, 4.9%, respectively, compared with P1. Consequently, itwas a good process to achieve high yield, due to delay aging of leaf for enough leaf area to grain filling by two plantsper hill.

关 键 词：夏玉米 叶面积指数 子粒体积 粒重 光合速率 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]