采煤沉陷对鸟类群落组成及多样性的影响  

Impact of Coal Mining Subsidence on Species Composition and Diversity of Avian Community

作　　者：万文静[1] 周立志[1] 平磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院生物多样性与湿地生态研究所安徽省生物物种资源信息中心,合肥230601

出　　处：《四川动物》2015年第5期773-779,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC10B02);中国工程院重大咨询研究项目(2012-ZD-11)

摘　　要：采煤沉陷改变了地貌景观,使鸟类的生境发生变化,进而影响鸟类群落多样性。我们于2013年11月—2014年10月在安徽省淮南潘集的采煤沉陷区不同沉陷程度的4种生境开展鸟类调查,研究采煤沉陷导致的生境变化对鸟类群落结构的影响。共记录到鸟类13目29科79种,其中留鸟32种(40.5%),冬候鸟19种(24.1%),夏候鸟25种(31.6%),优势种为灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus、喜鹊Pica pica、麻雀Passer montanus和家燕Hirundo rustica。随着采煤沉陷程度的增加,物种数、个体数量、群落密度表现出轻度沉陷区<中度沉陷区<重度沉陷区的规律,多样性指数为轻度沉陷区<重度沉陷区<中度沉陷区,在地表沉陷过程中,鸟类群落结构具有不稳定性。各类生境中鸟类群落的物种组成变化明显,随着沉陷程度的增加,鸟类群落物种丰富度增加。Coal mining subsidence resulted in the changes of geographic landscape and bird habitat,bird community as well as diversity. In order to investigate the impact of coal mining subsidence on the bird community,bird survey was carried out in four habitats in different coal mining subsidence stages from November 2013 to October 2014 in Panji,Huainan city. A total of 79 bird species belonging to 13 orders and 29 families were recorded. Among of all,32（ 40. 5%） were resident,19（ 24. 1%） were winter migrant,and 25（ 31. 6%） were summer migrant. The dominant species were ashy starling（ Sturnus cineraceus）,magpie（ pica pica）,house sparrow（ Passer montanus） and barn swallow（ Hirundo rustica）. Along with the increasing degree of mining subsidence,the bird species,quantity and density were gradually increased. Additionally,the moderate subsidence showed the highest diversity index followed by the heavy subsidence and mild subsidence.Therefore,the bird communities in the surface subsidence were unstable. During the process of subsidence,various types of habitats changed obviously. The bird species in the community increased along with the increasing degree of subsidence.

关 键 词：鸟类群落 采煤沉陷 物种多样性 生境 

分 类 号：TD327[矿业工程—矿井建设] Q958.1[生物学—动物学]