我国东北虎的保护现状与制约因素  

Conservation Status and Constraints for Panthera tigris altaica in China

作　　者：兰存子[1] 田瑜[1] 靳勇超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院生物多样性研究中心,北京100012

出　　处：《四川动物》2015年第5期780-786,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31300458)

摘　　要：东北虎是我国东北森林生态系统的旗舰种和伞护种。20世纪由于受到多种人为活动的影响,东北虎种群数量锐减,分布区严重萎缩。近年来,我国加大对东北虎的保护力度,并取得了一定成效。在部分绝迹分布区再次监测到东北虎活动信息,部分地区种群数量略有上升。本文详细整理并介绍了我国野生东北虎的种群数量和分布特点,分析制约其种群快速增长的因素,对生境丧失、退化和破碎、猎物匮乏及人虎冲突等外在因素进行了综合分析,并从就地保护和易地保护两方面分析了我国东北虎的保护成效及存在的问题,提出进一步保护建议。Amur tiger（ Panthera tigris altaica） is the flagship species and umbrella species in the forest ecosystem of northeastern China,however,its population size and geographic distribution was dramatically decreased due to the influence of various human activities over the past century. In recent years,China has stepped up the efforts on Amur tiger protection and achieved some successes. Meanwhile,some tigers were observed in the region where they had been disappeared for decades,and the population size increased slightly. In this paper,we systematically represented the status of wild Amur tigers in China,including population dynamics and geographic distribution,and analyzed the constraints for the population growth,such as habitat loss,degradation and fragmentation,lack of ungulate prey,human-tiger conflict. We also compared the effectiveness of tiger protection between in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation. Finally,we put forward some suggestions on tiger protection in China.

关 键 词：东北虎 保护现状 制约因素 保护对策 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]