客家话成人语与儿向语擦音对比研究  

A contrastive study of [s]and[()]between Hakka adult-directed speech and infant-directed speech

作　　者：郑明中 

机构地区：[1]台湾“国立联合大学”客家语言与传播研究所,中国台湾苗栗市36063

出　　处：《当代语言学》2015年第4期429-447,502,共19页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：2011-2012年度台湾“行政院国家科学委员会”专题研究计划“客语儿向语之纵向观察研究”(NSC 100-2410-H-239-008)的部分成果

摘　　要：儿向语是成人与婴孩进行言语互动时所采用的一种特殊语体,是语言习得早期最重要的言语输入。虽然儿向语语音研究已广受学界关注,然而绝大部分着重于元音、声调/语调的探究,辅音则较少受到重视。有鉴于此,本文将通过客家话对儿向语擦音[s,c]进行探究。五名说客家话的母亲及其婴儿参与本项研究,成人语与儿向语的语料录制从婴儿出生一个月大开始到婴儿六个月大为止,每月一次为期半年,并利用Praat测量擦音的摩擦噪音时长、频谱能量高峰频率及音节比。研究结果如下:(1)摩擦噪音时长方面,儿向语均显著长于成人语,但两种语体的[s]与[c]之间的时长差异则不显著,维持稳定的时长差异格局。(2)频谱能量高峰频率方面,儿向语高于成人语,但只有[c]的差异显著。另外,两种语体的[s]与[c]之间频率差异也不显著,亦维持稳定的频率差异格局。(3)音节比方面,儿向语小于成人语。最后,根据上述结果,本文针对母婴语音互动模式的适切性做出修正,针对语音强化的概念做出说明,也针对[s,c]在儿向语中的表现差异给出解释。Earlier phonetic/acoustic studies in infant-directed speech(IDS) centered mainly on vowels and prosodic features,giving little attention to consonants.For this reason,this study targeted to explore the phonetic realizations(i.e.,the frication duration,spectral peak frequency,and fricative/syllable ratio) between adult-directed speech(ADS) and infant-directed speech in terms of Sixian Hakka spoken in Miaoli County.Five adult-infant dyads participated in ADS and IDS recordings which were conducted once a month at the infants' age of one to six months.Frication duration,spectral peak frequency and fricative/syllable ratio were measured with Praat.This study showed the following results.First,as for frication duration,[s,g]in IDS was significantly longer than the correspondents in ADS.The differences in frication duration between[s]and[g]in both registers were not statistically different.Second,in terms of spectral peak frequency,[c]in IDS was significantly higher than[g]in ADS.Yet,[s]in both registers did not show statistical difference.Similarly,the differences in spectral peak frequency between[s]and[c]in ADS and IDS did not differ statistically.Third,as far as the ratios of fricatives to syllables were concerned,IDS was not larger than ADS.Last,this study provided explanations for the different phonetic realizations of[s,c]in both registers,and connected the current results to the concept of' phonetic enhancement' in IDS and infant phonetic acquisition.

关 键 词：客家话 儿向语 擦音 摩擦噪音时长 频谱能量高峰 

分 类 号：H176[语言文字—汉语]