地质灾害防治研究的认识论与方法论  

EPISTEMOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY ON GEO-HAZARD RESEARCH

作　　者：刘传正[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国土资源部地质灾害应急指导中心,北京100081 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2015年第5期809-820,共12页Journal of Engineering Geology

基　　金：国家地质灾害应急防治研究事业专项(2012011220125)资助

摘　　要：基于多年的研究与实践,作者从科学哲学角度提出了地质灾害防治研究的认识论与方法论。认识论方面确立地质灾害是可认识的,可防治的。地质灾害发生的根源是地质体重力作用的失衡,其共性和个性反映了地质体边界条件、初始条件和激发条件的组合变化。对于确定的时间阶段、空间区域和作用条件,地质灾害问题简化为线性和确定性问题处理是可以接受的。方法论方面确立地质灾害防治可以采用整体论和分割论相结合的方法求得问题的"有用解",用以指导防灾减灾管理技术支持系统的研发与应用。整体论方法突出综合集成、归纳类比和逻辑演绎,用于宏观把握和长时程研判,指导工作的顶层设计或概念设计,如区域性风险区划、区域预警和防治规划。分割论方法采取观察、描述、分析、建模、评价、预测和工程控制等,用于具体地域、案例及其暂态阶段的分析,指导地质灾害的信息获取、识别评估、成因研判、预测预警、工程设计和风险评价等。After twenty years of theoretical and practical research, the author proposes epistemology and methodology on prevention of geo-hazards in scientific philosophy. Geo-hazards are recognizable and can be controlled in epistemology. Since geo-hazards resulted from the unbalance of gravitational behaviors in soil or rock body,its commonality and particularity reflect different terms,such as geological body in the boundary,initial and excited conditions. For a specific situation,geo-hazards could be simplified to linear and definite problems which could be done in engineering control. Methodology for mitigation of geo-hazards can be used to obtain useful solution according to holism and reductionism,which promisingly use to develop the technical support system for public management of geological disasters reduction. The methods based on holism include synthesis,sum up,analogy,deduction,et al. Which can be applied to top or concept design of geo-hazards judgment in long time such as regional risk mapping,early warning and prevention plan. The methods based on reductionism include observation,description,analysis,modeling,evaluation,forecast and engineering control. It can be used to study area / case andits temporal state of slope problems,including geological information acquisition,identification of dangerous area and estimation,analysis of genesis,forecast or early-warning,analog simulation,project argumentation,risk assessment,decision-making support,et al.

关 键 词：地质灾害 共性 个性 整体论 分割论 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]