2009-2012年济南市麻疹流行病学特征及消除麻疹策略探讨  

Measles epidemiology and elimination strategies in Jinan between 2009 and 2012

作　　者：谢元忠[1] 张先慧[2] 郝静[1] 张顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]平阴县疾病预防控制中心,山东平阴250400 [2]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250012

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第20期3661-3663,3667,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析济南市2009-2012年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供参考。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对麻疹疫情进行统计分析。结果 济南市2009-2012年累计报告麻疹病例509例,年均报告发病率为1.96/10万,其中2009年报告发病率最高,2012年最低;高发季节为1-5月,占81.73%;男性发病高于女性;城区发病高于农村;年龄分布以≥15岁和〈8月龄为多,分别占48.13%和25.34%;8月龄~14岁病例中30.37%有含麻疹成分疫苗（MCV）接种史;病例发病前7~21 d有医疗机构就诊史者占35.36%。结论 济南市麻疹病例以成人和小月龄婴儿为主,鼓励育龄妇女接种麻腮风疫苗,1岁以下儿童MCV及时接种率仍需提高;医源性感染已成为麻疹传播的重要途径,应加强医院内感染控制。Objective The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jinan from 2009 to2012, in order to provide evidence for the development of measles elimination strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on measles surveillance data in Jinan from 2009 to 2012. Results A total of 509 measles cases were reported with an average annual incidence of 1.96/lakh. The incidence was highest in 2009 and lowest in 2012. The incidence peak was found in the period between January and May. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（2.22/lakh vs1.68/lakh）, and it was also higher in the urban than in the rural area. The measles cases mainly occurred among adults and children aged below eight months, accounted for 48.13% and 25.34%, respectively. 30.37% of the cases aged from eight months to 14 years had a history of measles containing vaccine（MCV）. And 35.36% of all the patients had a medical history from seven to 21 days before the disease onset. Conclusion Measles vaccination was promoted women at child bearing age. It is necessary to increase prompt vaccination coverage in children aged below one year old and strengthen iatrogenic infection control.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 消除 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]