建筑物出口的人员疏散研究  

Research on the Safe Evacuation near the Building Exit

作　　者：赵士达[1] 张楠[1] 赵颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市地震局,天津300201

出　　处：《震灾防御技术》2015年第3期639-645,共7页Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention

基　　金：天津市地震局青年基金项目(121010)

摘　　要：根据建筑物出口疏散的特点,提出了一种改进型的元胞自动机模型。研究了影响人员疏散速度的两个因素:人员之间的相互拥挤产生的冲突和人员移动到出口时由于转弯导致的移动速度减慢。使用数学方法推导得出了摩擦冲突函数和转弯函数。通过计算机仿真与实际疏散实验对比发现,在不考虑转弯因素的情况下,仿真结果与实验结果偏差较大,而在同时考虑相互冲突和转弯因素时的仿真结果与实验结果偏差很小,验证了这两个因素是疏散仿真不可忽略的因素。通过分析仿真结果,验证了本文所采用的模型和函数能够准确地反映实际疏散过程,具有较高的实用价值。The paper presents an improved cellular automaton model according to the feature of evacuation near the outlet. We studied friction and turning factors that affect pedestrian evacuation speed, and derived expression of friction function and turning function by using mathematical methods. The average pedestrian outflow of the simulation that includes the effects of both the frictional function and the turning function agrees well with experiment result. In contrast, the simulation results that only include the effect of the frictional function are not corresponding to the experimental ones well. Simulation results show that friction and turning should not be ignored.By analyzing the simulation results, we verified that the model can accurately reflect the actual evacuation process and has practical value.

关 键 词：元胞自动机 人群疏散 摩擦函数 转弯函数 疏散仿真 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]