不同施药机械对水稻病虫害防效及效益研究  

Control Effects and Benefit of different Spraying Equipments against Rice Diseases and Pests

作　　者：谢加飞 陈海新[1] 郭登华 

机构地区：[1]江苏省高邮市植保植检站,江苏高邮225600 [2]江苏省高邮市界首镇农业服务中心,江苏高邮225611

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第29期137-138,142,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]筛选防治水稻病虫的最佳施药器械。[方法]研究手动喷雾器、背负式弥雾机、担架式喷雾机、自走式喷杆喷雾机4种不同施药机械对水稻稻飞虱、纹枯病、稻纵卷叶螟的防效及效益。[结果]手动喷雾器、背负式弥雾机对稻飞虱效果防效略差,自走式喷杆喷雾机防效最好,药后7 d防效达到96.82%;手动喷雾器对纹枯病防效最好,药后10 d防效达到85.00%,背负式弥雾机防效较差;手动喷雾器、背负式弥雾机、担架式喷雾机、自走式喷杆喷雾机对稻纵卷叶螟药后10 d的防效分别为85.60%、91.20%、88.00%、90.40%,手动喷雾器防效略差,其他防效之间差异不明显;在效益方面,大型机械优势明显,自走式喷杆喷雾机机械效益最好,每天净收益达1 548.8元,手动喷雾器效益为0。[结论]防治褐飞虱等虫害时应尽量选择大型机械设备,防治纹枯病时宜选择手动喷雾器;从效益方面考虑,大型机械(如担架式喷雾机、自走式喷杆喷雾机)是最佳选择。[ Objective ] The aim was to screen out the optimal spraying equipment for controlling rice diseases and-pests. [ Method ] Control effects and benefit of four spraying equipments like hand sprayer, backpack type mist machine, stretcher mounted sprayer and motor-boom- sprayer against rice hopper, rice sheath blight and rice leaf roller were studied. [ Result] The hand sprayer and backpack type mist machine had bad control effect on rice hopper, while the motor-boom-sprayer had good control effect, and the control effect in 7 days reached 96.82%. The hand sprayer had good control effect on rice sheath blight, and the control effect in 10 days reached 85.00%, while the backpack type mist machine had bad effect. Control effects of hand sprayer, backpack type mist machine, stretcher mounted sprayer and motor-boom-sprayer against rice leaf roller in 10 days were 85.60%, 91.20%, 88.00% and 90.40%, respectively. Large mechanism had obvious benefit advan- tage, among them motor-boom-sprayer had the best mechanism benefit, and net income per day reached 1 548.8 yuan, while the hand sprayer had no income. [ Conclusion] Large mechanism should be used to control rice hopper, and the hand sprayer was suitable for controlling rice sheath blight. Considered from benefit, large mechanism was the best, such as stretcher mounted sprayer and motor-boom-sprayer.

关 键 词：水稻病虫害 施药机械 防效 效益 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]