清末科举制度废除原因再探  

A Research on the Reasons of the Abolishment of the Imperial Examination System in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王瑶[1] 

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2015年第10期70-77,共8页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：1905年,清廷颁布上谕宣布废除科举制度。实际上,清廷决定废除科举制度,并非缘于科举的积弊难返,其预设的基本前提是,"泰西诸国"没有科举制度,而是通过学校培养人才;中国欲通过仿效西方走上富强之路,便必须废除科举以发展学堂。在科举与学堂之争中,二者之所以会被相提并论,是由于科举选拔功能的混淆及学堂教育功能的偏失,由此造成科举与学堂在功能方面的严重重叠和冲突。对于科举与学堂,官方与民间的态度出现分歧,致使清廷最终采取废除科举的方式,转移社会的重心所趋。In 1905,the Qing government abolished the imperial examination system.The reason of the abolishment was neither the long-standing abuse of the imperial examination system,nor the failure of the reformation in 1901.The basic premise of the abolishment was that the western countries cultivate talents by school rather than the imperial examination system.Therefore,in order to achieve national prosperity,China must abolish the imperial examination.The overlap of the function of imperial examination and modern schools was based on the vague definition of the imperial examination system and the derivation of the modern schools.The official and civil took different attitude toward imperial examination and modern schools.Just for being too important,the imperial examination system must be abolished to shift the focus of the society in the late Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：清末 科举制度 新式学堂 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]