从实证统计分析看走私普通货物、物品罪罪刑均衡的若干问题(一)  

On Problems of Balance between Crime and Punishment in Smuggling of General Goods or Articles from the Perspective of Empirical and Statistical Analysis( Ⅰ)

作　　者：陈晖[1] 陈菊[2] 贾亮亭[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海关学院 [2]上海海关学院法律系 [3]上海海关学院办公室

出　　处：《海关与经贸研究》2015年第5期90-110,124,共22页Journal of Customs and Trade

基　　金：上海市教委科研创新项目(人文社科类)'从罪刑均衡的实证分析看走私普通货物物品罪的立法完善'(项目编号2312039)

摘　　要：从北大法意数据库选取了2005年至2014年10年间走私普通货物、物品罪判决书195份,被告人合计452名作为统计样本,运用SPSS统计软件对判决书样本、量刑情节和宣告刑之间的相关性进行分析,得出总体上我国走私普通货物、物品罪的判决基本达到了均衡的结论。但也存在不均衡现象,主要表现为罪后酌定表现在量刑中优先于从犯、累犯、共同犯罪等法定情节,实践中是否认定共同犯罪、是否累犯、是否既遂未遂等对量刑影响不大,发达地区(华南地区)罚金数额低于中部(华中地区)和西部(西南地区)等。除此之外,在个案判决中还存在因为刑罚结构不合理、量刑情节竞合时没有统一规范导致的不均衡,单位犯罪和自然犯罪之间、不同法院之间存在量刑不均衡现象等。进而提出了进一步完善刑罚体系、单位犯罪和自然人犯罪同等处罚、量刑规范化改革以及发挥判例指导作用等解决司法实践中量刑失衡问题等有关建议。The paper selected, as samples from the Lawyee Database of Peking University, 195 copies of verdicts and 452 defendants in the crime of smuggling general goods or articles during the peri- od from 2005 to 2014, and applied SPSS statistical software to analyzing the relevance between verdicts, circumstances for sentencing discretion and declared penalty. A general conclusion can be drawn that the court decisions on the crime of smuggling general goods or articles are basically balanced. However, there still exist imbalanced phenomena, which are manifested in the following aspects： performance de- cided after conviction has priority over such legal circumstances as accomplice, repeat offender and joint offense in sentencing discretion; in practice, the determination of joint offense, repeat offender or whether committed or not is not significant to sentencing discretion; the amount of fine in developed are- as （South China） is lower than that in mid and southwest China. In addition, the imbalance may also be attributed to the irrational penalty structure and inconsistent concurrence of circumstances for sentencing discretion. There also exists imbalance between corporate crime and crime of natural persons and between the sentencing discretion of different courts. Finally this paper proposes recommendations to addressing imbalance of sentencing discretion by improving the system of criminal penalties, applying identical punishment to corporate crime and crime of natural persons, rectifying sentencing discretion and giving full play to judicial precedents.

关 键 词：走私普通货物、物品罪 罪刑均衡 统计分析 SPSS 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]