上海市黄浦区腹泻病病例病原及流行性病学特征  

Etiological and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea cases in Huangpu District of Shanghai

作　　者：张焕珠[1] 王曙[1] 俪佳莹 舒敏[1] 沈福杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市黄浦区疾病预防控制中心,200011

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第18期2504-2507,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的掌握上海市黄浦区腹泻病的病原谱构成以及流行病学特征,为制定腹泻病防控策略提供科学依据。方法对2012—2014年3家监测点医院的腹泻监测病例开展流行病学调查;采用系统抽样法采集病例的粪便标本进行病原学鉴定,包括霍乱、志贺菌、沙门菌等细菌和轮状病毒、诺如病毒、肠道腺病毒等。对病原谱构成及流行病学特征进行分析。结果共调查腹泻病例1 093例,采集257份粪便标本,阳性病例数为137份(53.17%),单重感染占78.83%(107/137),混合感染占21.17%(29/137)。病毒感染中以诺如病毒检出最高,为48.91%(67/137);其次为星状病毒,占12.41%(17/137)。细菌感染中以副溶血性弧菌检出最高,为18.25%(25/137);其次为肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC),占13.14%(18/137)。结论上海市中心城区成人腹泻病例病毒感染尤其是诺如病毒已经是优势病原,应加大对病毒性腹泻的防治。[ Objective ] To understand the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea cases in Shanghai, provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies of diarrhea. [ Methods ] The diarrhea cases in 3 sentinel hospitals from 2012 to 2014 were investigated by epidemiological method. The stool specimens were collected by systematic sampling method to conduct the pathogen identification, including Vibrio cholerae, Shigella, Salmonella, Rotavirus, Norovirus and Enteric adenovirus. Pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. [Results] A total of 1093 diarrhea patients were investigated. Among 257 stool specimens, there were 137 （53.17%） positive cases, including 107 （53.17%） singe infection and 29（21.17%） multiple infection. Among virus infections, the detection rate of Norovirus was the highest, accounting for 48.91% （67/137）, followed by Astrovirus （12.41%, 17/137）. Among bacteria infections, the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the highest, accounting for 18.25%（25/137）, followed by ETEC （13.14%, 18/137）. [Conclusion] Among adult patients with diarrhea in Shanghai urban area,, the virus is the dominant pathogen, especially Norovirus, so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of virus diarrhea.

关 键 词：腹泻 综合监测 病原谱 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]