生态湿地植物资源管理和利用途径刍议  

Approaches to Management and Utilization of Plant Resources in Ecological Wetlands

作　　者：潘潇[1,2] 朱豪杰[3] 陈鹏冲 张荣斌[3] 王为东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]嘉兴市水利投资有限公司,嘉兴314033

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2015年第3期28-33,共6页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07403-003-03);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278487)共同资助

摘　　要：随着生态湿地技术在我国的规模化推广应用,湿地植物资源的管理和利用途径成为新的挑战。将湿地植物刈割并移至陆地生态系统是水体系统污染控制的终极途径之一。概述了在资源紧缺和环境污染双重背景下,湿地植物资源管理和利用的潜在途径。以南方某133.3 hm2规模化湿地为例进行估算,通过植物刈割,可以直接带走450kg/a磷、9 540 kg/a氮,从而避免潜在二次污染。总结了植物刈割的方法、参数及对湿地的影响。综述了刈割转移生物质的几种潜在后续利用方式:燃料、纤维、工业材料、饲料、肥料及生物炭等。指出在我国目前社会经济背景下,湿地生物质资源二次利用具有广阔的前景和深远的环保意义。With the increasing application of ecological wetlands in China, the approaches to managing and utilizing massive wetlands macrophytes are becoming an urgent new practical challenge. Transferring the harvested wetland plants from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial ecosystems is one of the ultimate pathways of aquatic pollutants removal. This mini-review, as such, summarized the potential approaches of wetlands plants resources management and regenerative utilization, under the coupling circumstances of natural resource shortage and environmental pollution. As estimated in a 1.33 km2 wetland in South China, the plant harvesting can remove 450 kg phosphorus （P） and 9 540 kg nitrogen （N） per year directly from wetland system, thus avoiding the potential secondary pollution. The reaping methods, reaping season and frequency, and the effects of plant harvesting on the wetlands were compared and brielfy reviewed. Several potential models of subsequent utilization of the harvested plant biomass such as being made into fuel, fiber, industrial production, fertilizer, fodder, and biochar were reviewed. The promising future and far-reaching environmental signiifcance was emphasized on the secondary utilization of wetland bio-resources under the current socio-economic background.

关 键 词：生态湿地 水质净化 植物刈割 生物质 资源化 能源化 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]