农村劳动力变化对现代果业生产的影响及对策分析  

Impact and strategy analysis of agricultural labor force change on modern fruit production

作　　者：王丽君[1] 姜青梅[1] 王永奇[1] 刘翠玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《中国园艺文摘》2015年第10期65-66,82,共3页Chinese Horticulture Abstracts

摘　　要：果业是烟台地区的传统优势产业,也是劳动密集型产业,劳动力变化情况对果业生产产生极大影响。文章对全市农村从业人员年龄、数量和劳动力成本变化情况进行调研,分析劳动力变化对烟台果业生产的影响,并结合国内外果业发展趋势,提出相应的措施与建议。结果表明,全市农村劳动力人口逐年减少,呈老龄化趋势,造成果园雇工成本迅速升高,人均果园种植面积增加,部分费工费力、劳动强度大的技术逐渐被果农放弃,部分省力化管理技术得到快速普及;为应对劳动力变化,应加强果农专业技术培训,吸引更多人从事果业生产种植;加强抗病、优质新品种和新砧木培育,创新栽培模式,推行省力化栽培管理技术,将果园用工和劳动强度降到最低。Fruit industry is the traditional superior industry, and is the labor-intensive industry. The change of agricultural labor force has great impact to fruit production. The agricultural labor age, quantity and costs were invested. Impact and strategy were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the agricultural labor quantity was reducing year by year and aging population has intensified. All these caused labor costs increase sharply and per capita orchard area increased. Some technologies requiring hard labor intensity were given up by farmers, and some labor-saving technologies were speed up quickly. In order to minimize orchard labor and labor intensity, there should be more professional technical trainings for the growers to attract more people to engage in the fruit production. The disease-resistant fruit varieties and new rootstocks cultivation should be improved. Innovating the cultivation mode and extending the labor- saving techniques are conductive to reduce the work force and labor density to the minimum.

关 键 词：烟台地区 农村劳动力 果业 对策 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]