综放初采期深孔预裂爆破弱化顶板的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Weakening Hard Roof by Pre-splitting Blasting During Initial Mining at Fully-mechanized Caving Face

作　　者：李超[1] 康天合[1] 张彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学采矿工艺研究所,山西太原030024

出　　处：《煤矿安全》2015年第10期28-31,共4页Safety in Coal Mines

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51174141;51404167);2014山西省研究生创新项目基金资助项目(20143046)

摘　　要：针对坚硬顶板初次断裂步距大容易引起冲击矿压、瓦斯积聚以及在放顶煤开采中降低初采期间顶煤放出率等问题,对唐安煤矿3301综放工作面进行深孔预裂爆破弱化顶板的设计并进行现场试验。试验表明:优化的炮眼间距、炮眼仰角等爆破参数合理,爆破能够使顶板预裂并改变其受力状态;工作面基本顶初次断裂步距成功地缩短了38.43 m,可增加产量22 801 t;基本顶提前垮落,避免冲击矿压问题,同时避免采空区通风困难导致的瓦斯积聚问题。To solve the problems such as rock burst,gas accumulation and the low recovery rate of top coal during the initial mining of top coal caving mining caused by hard roof which is hard to break down,the design and field test of weakening roof at 3301 fully-mechanized caving face of Tang＇an Coal Mine with the method of deep- hole pre- splitting blasting was set up. The results show that the optimal blasting parameters such as blast hole spacing,hole elevation were reasonable and the blasting can make the roof pre-splitting and change its stress state; the initial roof fracture step distance was shortened by 38. 43 m,and the yield increased by 22 801 t. The caving of main roof in advance solves problems of rock burst and gas accumulation in gob result from ventilation difficulties.

关 键 词：坚硬顶板 综放工作面 深孔预裂爆破 爆破参数 初次断裂步距 冲击矿压 弱化顶板 

分 类 号：TD235.33[矿业工程—矿井建设]