广州市有含麻疹成份疫苗免疫史的麻疹病例流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis on measles cases with vaccination history of measles-containing vaccine in Guangzhou

作　　者：倪莉红[1] 云雪霞[1] 谭慧峰[1] 许建雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510440

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2015年第9期1258-1261,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(A2012529)

摘　　要：目的通过对有含麻疹成份疫苗（含麻疫苗,MCV）免疫史的麻疹病例进行流行病学分析,为制定有效防控措施提供理论依据。方法采用非参数统计方法,以广州市2010-2013年4年的麻疹病例作为研究对象,在广州市免疫规划信息管理系统查询病例的含麻疫苗免疫情况,以发病的年龄别差异、疫苗及时接种率、累积接种率以及免疫和发病的时间差作为统计指标进行流行病学分析。结果广州市的麻疹发病已经呈现向低年龄组和成人组双向移位的现象,小于8月龄儿童和15岁以上病例占总病例数的56.96%,是发病的主要人群;8月龄~14岁病例的含麻疫苗首剂及时接种率仅为20.77%,累积接种率只有62.31%,均明显低于广州市的总体水平,差异有统计学意义（χ2=523.96,P〈0.05;χ2=991.16,P〈0.05）;病例在接种MCV疫苗2周内发病的较多,2周后发病数明显下降。结论有含麻疫苗免疫史的麻疹病例可能是接种时已处于潜伏期后期而发病,或者在保护性抗体产生前受到感染,以及免疫失败。Objective To describe the epidemiological distribution of measles cases with vaccination history of measlescontaining vaccine through statistical method and provide theoretical basis for measles control and prevention. Methods Nonparametric statistical test was used to study measles cases from 2010 to 2013 in Guangzhou. Data was analyzed using age-difference, timely inoculation rate, cumulative inoculation rate, the time-difference of disease onset and vaccination as statistical indicators; vaccination information of measles cases was found from the childhood immunization information management system. Results Measles cases in young age group and adult group tended to increase. 56.96% of total measles cases were younger than 8 months or older than 15 years. Timely inoculation rate（inoculated in 8 and 9 month）and cumulative inoculation rate of cases from 8 months to 14 years were 20.77% and 62.31%, respectively,which were both lower than those of population in the same age group in Guangzhou. The onset of most cases was within 2 weeks after vaccination, while the cases after 2 weeks decreased apparently. Conclusion Measles cases with vaccination history of measles-containing vaccine could be resulted from being infected before the appearance of protective antibody or time of vaccination was at the late incubation period, or immunization failure.

关 键 词：麻疹病例 含麻疫苗 免疫失败 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]