南海珠江口沿岸张网渔业资源群落结构分析  

The resources community structure of stow-net fishery in the Pearl River Estuary coastal waters of the South China Sea

作　　者：晏磊[1] 谭永光[1] 杨吝[1] 连喜平[2] 杨炳忠[1] 张鹏[1] 陈森[1] 李杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州510301

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2015年第5期52-57,共6页Journal of Biology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203018);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(2013YD06);中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室开放基金(LMB141004)

摘　　要：根据2014年11月南海珠江口沿岸张网渔业的海上调查资料,应用丰度生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)分析张网渔业资源群落结构特征。结果显示:调查中共捕获渔获种类46种,其中鱼类38种,虾类5种,蟹类2种,虾蛄类1种;运用相对重要性指数(IRI)作为鱼种优势度的度量指标,IRI大于1 000的定为优势种,有4种,即康氏小公鱼(Anchoviella commersonii)、风鲚(Coilia mystus)、直额鲟(Charybdis truncate)和近缘新对虾(Metapenaeus affinis),占总渔获量的14.8%;ABC曲线显示群落的数量优势度曲线高于生物量优势度曲线,根据ABC曲线计算的W统计值为-0.179,表明南海珠江口沿岸张网渔业资源群落处于严重干扰状态(Warwick 1986),小型鱼类或者大型渔获的幼体占绝对优势。渔获物中幼鱼比例很高,对经济幼鱼资源的损害较严重,建议放大网囊网目尺寸,加强张网渔业管理,开展生态型渔具渔法研究,实现近岸渔业可持续发展。Based on the data collected from the stow-net fishery surveys in the Pearl River Estuary coastal waters of the South China Sea, this paper analyzed the resources community structure of stow-net fishery using abundance-biomass comparison curve.The result indicated that there were 46 species collected in the surveys, including 38 species of fish, 5 species of shrimps, 2 species of crab, and 1 species of squillid.The index of relative importance（ IRI） was used in measuring dominance of species to decide the role each species plays in the community.The species with index of relative importance （ IRI） above 1000 were defined as the dominant species.There were four dominant species in the surveys, included Anchoviella commersonii, Coilia mystus, Charybdis truncate, and Metapenaeus affi-nis, which accounted for 14.8%abundance.The k-dominance curve of abundance was above the biomass curve, and the W-statistic value was-0.179 caculated by ABC curves.This phenomenon indicated that the present resources community of stow-net fishery in the Pearl River Estuary coastal waters of the South China Sea was disturbed based on the theory of Warwick （1986）.And most of the dom-inant species was the small fish or the juvenile of the large fish.Juveniles occupy a relatively high proportion of the catches by stow-net which damages the commercial larval resource rather seriously.We suggested that eco-fishing gear and methods should be utilized and the mesh size of cod-end should be increased, and enhanced the management for the traditional fishing gear, and then stainable devel-opment of the inshore fishery will be realized.

关 键 词：珠江口沿岸 张网 渔获组成 ABC曲线 群落结构 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源] S973.2[农业科学—水产科学]