论生态文明的自然观——辩证唯物的生态自然观  

On Nature View of Dialectical Materialism: Eco-Civilized View of Nature

作　　者：曹顺仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学江苏环境与发展研究中心

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第3期87-99,共13页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金重点项目(09ZXA001);江苏省社会科学基金重大项目(13ZD005);国家林业局科技司林业软科学研究项目(2014-R10);<中国伦理思想>课程教学模式创新研究与实践(JGLX13_045)

摘　　要：生态文明的自然观是人类文明发展到新的阶段而形成的关于人、自然、人与自然关系的质的规定性的认识,是现代自然科学和哲学社会科学融合发展的产物,对生态文明建设具有不可或缺的指导和引领作用。目前,就国内学术界而言,对生态文明的自然观有两种基本态度:一种是拿来主义的,一种是传统主义的。前者的合理性在于自然观的共时性,因为生态文明的自然观作为人类反思全球生态危机的产物,可以相互借鉴。因而,国内诸多学者主张倡导流行于西方学术界的"盖娅"假说、自然价值论等各种生态自然观。后者的合理性在于自然观的历时性,主要表现为:一是对古代"天人合一"宇宙整体论自然观的执著,二是对近现代以来"原理化"或说是教条化了的辩证唯物论自然观的固守。两种态度的共同局限在于对自然观演变缺乏合规律、合目的的辩证考量。因此,本文试图以联系的、发展的马克思主义自然观为理论基点,提出并论证辩证唯物的生态自然观的合规律性和合目的性,并主张以此作为生态文明的自然观。本文自然观既强调人与宇宙自然的整体关系,又承认人与自然物的"层创进化"、普遍联系和协同共生关系;既强调生态文明的自然观是合规律、合目的的人的精神自觉的产物,又认为生态文明时代人主体精神的发扬需要遵循三大规律即生态规律、人文规律和社会规律,只有把"人类同自然的和解以及人类本身的和解"作为最高理解,才能为解读自然、人、社会等三者的互动发展提供新的理论策略,进而为人类确立一种对待自然、人和社会"三位一体"的全面协调可持续的新态度和信念,以求得"人和自然界之间、人和人之间的矛盾的真正解决"。简言之,辩证唯物的生态自然观其价值旨趣在于追求自然、人和社会的生生不息与和谐永续。Eco-civilized view of nature, the fundamental and prescriptive understanding of human, nature and the relations between the two in the new development stage of human civilization and the fruit of the integrated development of modem natural and social sciences, and philosophy, plays a crucial leading role in the process of ecological civilization development. Currently there are two different attitudes towards coo-civilized view of nature in the domestic academia： eopinism and traditionalism. The reasonability of the former lies in the synchronicity of nature views. Eeo-civilized view of nature, as the product of global introspection on coo-crisis, can be borrowed and shared and thus many domestic scholars root for nature views popular in the West, such as the Gaia Hypothesis and the nature values theory. The reasonability of the latter lies in the diachrony of nature views presented in the ancient mentality of cosmological unity, ＂Integration of Nature and Men＂, and the modem cognition of the ＂principled＂ or dogmatic nature views of dialectical materialism. Both of the two attitudes are defective in that they are lack of dialectical consideration of nature views development in accord with rule and purpose. The paper, based on Marxist nature view emphasizing interrelationship and development, proposes dialectical materialist viewpoint on nature, demonstrates how it accords with rule and purpose and moves it should be taken as a nature view of eco-civilization. The view emphasizes the integrated relationships of human and nature, and meanwhile admits ＂emergent evolution ＂, universal relationships and cooperative symbiosis of human and nature. The nature view of eco- civilization is human＇ s spiritual fruit in accordance with rule and purpose. The development of human＇ s subjective consciousness, according to the view, needs to follow ecological, humanity and social rules. The new theoretical strategy for interpreting the mutual development of nature, human and society lies in the ultimate understa

关 键 词：生态文明 自然观 和谐 永续 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]