2008~2014年安徽省血吸虫病疫情分析  

Analysis on the endemic status of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province from 2008 to 2014

作　　者：何家昶[1] 高风华[1] 张世清[1] 汪天平[1] 张功华[1] 汪昊[1] 杨卫平[1] 李婷婷[1] 操治国[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省血吸虫病防治研究所,合肥市230061

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2015年第3期135-138,152,共5页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

基　　金：China UK Global Health Support Programme(GHSP-CS-OP1);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1408085MH194)

摘　　要：目的：分析2008~2014年安徽省血吸虫病疫情变化趋势，为今后一个阶段血防工作策略制订提供科学依据。方法收集全省51个县（市、区）2008~2014年血吸虫病防治工作年报数据、疫情监测点数据及全省面上防治管理信息资料，进行纵向分析。结果人群血吸虫平均感染率和患病人数呈逐年下降趋势，2014年人群感染率已降至0.24%，较2008年下降了48.2%，病人数下降至16510人，较2008年下降了55.2%，晚血病人数降至5804例，较2008年下降了7.52%，2013年以后全省未出现当地感染的急性血吸虫病例；全省耕牛血吸虫平均感染率呈逐年下降趋势，2014年下降至0.18%，较2008年下降了88.8%。全省有螺面积总体呈现缓慢下降趋势，2014年全省钉螺面积下降至27280hm2，较2008年下降了4.4%，阳性螺面积逐年下降，2013年以后全省未查出阳性螺面积；钉螺复现与新发现情况一度出现上升，2011年后呈逐年下降趋势；钉螺和感染性钉螺密度2009年后呈逐年下降趋势，2014年活螺密度降至0.4896只/0.11m2，较2008年下降了29.6%。有螺村数、有螺环境数及阳性螺环境数呈逐年下降趋势，尤其是阳性螺环境数下降幅度较大。村级和乡镇级传播控制达标升类工作有序推进。结论安徽省血吸虫病流行得到了有效遏制，血吸虫病疫情降到了历史最低水平。Objective To analyze the trend of schistosomiasis prevalence in Anhui Province from 2008 through 2014 for scientific evidences to plan commensurable prevention strategies in the coming mission. Meth-ods Informative data on schistosomiasis prevention were collected from annual reports, monitoring sites and management documentation in 51 counties/cities/districts in Anhui Province from 2008 to 2014, and reviewed in longitudinal cohort manner. Results The average infection rate of schistosomiasis and the number of patients tended to decline in general. The infection rate was reduced to 0.24%in 2014 from 48.2%in 2008. Current in-fected population and advanced schistosomasis cases were 16 510 and 5 804, with a decrease of 55.2% and 7.52%, respectively, as compared to 2008. No local infection with acute schistosomiasis was reported since 2013. The average infection rate of farmer cattle was fallen to 0.18% in 2014 from 88.8% in 2008, which showed a declining trend year by year. The proportion of snail presence was 27 280 hm2 in 2014, and dropped by 4.4%compared to that in 2008. The positive snail proportion further showed a yearly descending trend, and no areas where positive snails were found since 2013. Although recurrence or newly discovered areas with snail infection once rose up, yet this situation tended to be reverse since 2011. The density of snails and positive snails were reduced slowly since 2009, and the density of living snails was 0.4896 pcs/0.11 m2 in 2014 and re-duced to 29.6%compared with that in 2008. The quantity of villages and environment where snails or positive snails were still found were declined year by year, especially the environments with presence of positive snails were fallen sharply. More villages and towns realized the schistosomiasis transmission control target. Conclu-sion The prevalence of schistosomiasis was effectively contained in Anhui Province, and the endemicity was dropped to the lowest level in history.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 传播控制 疫情分析 安徽省 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]