运动性细胞自噬是调节骨骼肌代谢稳态的内置机制  

Exercise-mediated Autophagy is a Built-in Mechanism to Regulate Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Homeostasis

作　　者：钱帅伟[1,2] 丁树哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [2]烟台大学体育学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《体育科学》2015年第10期55-65,共11页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31171142)

摘　　要：细胞自噬作为骨骼肌必需的代偿性内置调节机制,可在运动、禁食、营养限制和肌肉收缩刺激等能量应激下,将胞浆中损伤或衰老的细胞组件(线粒体、内质网、核糖体)、病菌和ROS等代谢废物,以及糖原、脂质、非功能或功能性蛋白质等能源物质,转运到溶酶体中消化降解,从而完善骨骼肌细胞质量控制,有效供给细胞更新和代谢平衡所需的能量与合成底物的一种分解代谢装置。运动训练不仅能通过细胞自噬完善骨骼肌线粒体质量控制,稳定线粒体功能网络,维持骨骼肌代谢稳态,还能有效防治胰岛素抵抗、肥胖和II型糖尿病等代谢疾病的发生。运动训练介导的细胞自噬也可使骨骼肌质量及其功能根据运动项目的自身特点进行积极调整和适应,从而进一步维持骨骼肌代谢功能稳态。As a compensatory and built-in mechanism of skeletal muscle,autophagy not only could degrade reactive oxygen species,bacteria,aging or damaged organelles such as mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum,ribosome,as well as degrade glycogen,lipid,non-functional and functional protein when suffer energy stress such as exercise,fasting,nutrition restriction and muscle contraction.Autophagy accordingly could improve muscle quality control,as well as energy and synthetic substrates for cellular renewal and metabolism.Exercise training-mediated autophagy not only could improve mitochondrial quality control,stabilize mitochondrial function network,as well as maintain metabolic homeostasis of muscle,but also effectively prevent insulin resistance,obesity,type II diabetes and some other metabolic diseases.Exercise training-mediated autophagy could also entirely adapt muscle mass and function to their items,and further improve muscle metabolism and functional homeostasis.

关 键 词：细胞自噬 骨骼肌 运动训练 代谢稳态 线粒体质量控制 代谢疾病 肌肉质量 

分 类 号：G804.5[文化科学—运动人体科学]