美国体育城市的类型特征、创建成因与本土启示  

Characteristic,Origin and Enlightenment of Building of American Cities and Sports

作　　者：王成[1] 张鸿雁[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学体育部,南京210093 [2]南京大学社会学院,南京210023

出　　处：《体育科学》2015年第10期82-89,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(12&ZD029);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(13YJC890035)

摘　　要：当代美国城市化水平高,全球文化影响力大,职业体育高度发达,城市体育氛围浓郁,在全球特色文化城市研究中具有典型意义。中、美城市内在品性和体育发展样态虽存在本质性差异,但美国体育城市的发展指征与创建成因对本土体育城市建设仍具有反思性指导价值。研究表明,工业化与城市化伴生同步,城市营销成为美国体育城市兴起背景与首要动因;体育城市整体性类型化特征突出,体育消费形成完整的链式产业结构,职业体育成为城市文化消费一部分,城市间联赛产生基于城市的身份认同与群体荣耀,以及体育城市作为狂欢中心,呈现出超级媒体文化奇观等;城市自治和法权意识、城市经济和商业资本以及文化背景和民族性格是美国城市与体育有效融合的三个内在性关键因素。以此为观照,反思本土体育城市创建的若干议题。With high level of urbanization,global cultural influence,highly developed professional sport,and urban sports atmosphere,American cities was welled constructed with sports.Although there is essential difference between China and the US city of intrinsic character and sports development mode,Chinese sports city construction could learn from the US practice.It showed that：urban marketing become the primary motivation of American sports city with with industrialization and urbanization,which has outstanding feature;sports consumption has formed industrial chain structure completely;professional sports has become part of the urban cultural consumption;professional league produced the urban identity and identity group glory;as well as sports carnival,the city presents super media spectacle.American city integrating with sport depends on three key factor：autonomy and legal rights of urban consciousness,urban economy and commercial capital and cultural backgrounds and national characters.Based on those,the paper reflects several topics on the cities and sports in China.

关 键 词：体育城市 工业化 城市化 城市自治 职业体育 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]