探索中国海外安全治理市场化  

On the Privatization of China's Overseas Security System

作　　者：赵可金[1] 李少杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学当代国际关系研究院 [2]清华大学国际关系学系

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2015年第10期133-155,160,共23页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国务院侨务办公室项目"外国侨务公共外交机制及其借鉴研究"的中期成果;察哈尔学会"民营安保公司和中国海外利益保护"课题的大力支持

摘　　要：就传统意义而言,政府提供安全保护资源。随着全球化的发展,大规模的跨国流动对海外安全治理形成了巨大的压力,在世界范围内出现了安全市场化的趋势。近年来,随着中国企业和公民大规模"走出去",中国海外安全治理的方式正在呈现一种非常明显的变化,一种新的治理方式正在形成——私营安保公司开始成为中国海外安全治理的主要供给者。然而,迄今为止,中国海外安全市场化的趋势尚未得到学界认真的讨论,私营安保公司在中国海外安全治理体系中的地位也没有得到足够重视。从安全需求与供给的市场关系模型出发,可以获得一个解释海外安全市场化的分析模型。运用该模型对中国海外安全的若干案例进行研究,作者得出结论认为,海外安全市场化是由安全需求与安全供给之间的"安全鸿沟"所决定的,国家间的"安全鸿沟"越大,海外安全市场化越突出。以私营安保公司为主要形式的海外安全保障方式,应该成为中国海外安全治理体系的重要组成部分,并被纳入中国特色大国外交的轨道。China's overseas security system is undergoing an obvious change.Traditionally,the government provides resources for security protection.However,a new governance system—private security company(PSC)—is challenging the government,which used to hold a monopolistic position in providing resources for security protection.PSCs are now involved in the management of China's overseas security.More and more Chinese nationals and enterprises opt for PSCs overseas to meet their demands for security protection.Hence,China's overseas security is experiencing a process of privatization.However,the subject of why overseas security is privatized is seldom mentioned and discussed by the academia.Arguably,the emergence of privatization of China's overseas security fits in the gap between the demand and supply of overseas security.This has created many opportunities for the new governance mechanism—PSCs—to get involved and fill in this gap.Enterprises and citizens abroad resort to private security rather than the government to seek overseas security protection.Therefore,the privatization of China's overseas security has become inevitable.Using PSC as the major form of overseas security protection is fundamentally beneficial to the government,enterprises and Chinese nationals by sharing rights and responsibilities,creating a tough,durable overseas security governance system.

关 键 词：海外安全 安全市场化 中国外交 公共外交 安全治理 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学]