施氮量对豫中烟区植烟土壤无机氮含量和氮素吸收的调控  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Inorganic Nitrogen Content and Nitrogen Absorption of Tobacco-planted Soil in Midland of Henan Province

作　　者：邢云霞[1,2] 刘世亮[1] 刘芳[1] 姜桂英[1] 朱金峰 王蒙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,河南三门峡472000 [3]河南省漯河市烟草公司,河南漯河462000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第5期266-272,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：河南省烟草公司重大面上项目"不同生物炭对植烟土壤碳氮比和紧实度调节机制研究及应用";"烟田有机废弃物高效生物发酵资源化利用与技术集成"(HYKJ201215)

摘　　要：为了探讨在不同施氮水平条件下,烤烟生长、植烟土壤不同土层无机氮动态变化以及烟株各个器官氮素累积量的变化,以豫中烟区舞阳县为例,采用大田小区试验,在钾肥和磷肥施用量相同的基础上,设计5个施氮量水平（0kg/hm2,22.5kg/hm2,37.5kg/hm2,52.5kg/hm2,67.5kg/hm2）,研究了氮肥施用量对烤烟农艺性状、植烟土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量及烟株氮素吸收的影响。结果表明：在施氮量0~52.5kg/hm2范围内,团棵期、旺长期和圆顶期烟株的株高、叶数和最大叶长和宽,随着施氮量的增加均呈增加的趋势,施氮量达到67.5kg/hm2时,各指标提高不明显,且对烟叶正常落黄造成不利影响。在移栽后11周和9周之前,0—20cm土层硝态氮和铵态氮含量随着施氮水平的提高而增加。施肥对20—40cm土层硝态氮的影响较小,对铵态氮含量的影响只集中在移栽后9周之前,而40—60cm土层无机氮含量受施氮量的影响不明显。在移栽后13周前各时期烟叶的氮素累积量基本随施氮量的增加而增加的趋势。不同器官氮累积量表现为叶〉茎〉根。不同叶位之间表现为,在移栽后11周之前中部叶〉上部叶〉下部叶,打顶之后表现为上部叶〉中部叶〉下部叶。因此,在豫中烟区,施氮量为52.5kg/hm2时烟株长势相对较好,落黄较为适宜。施氮量对植烟土壤无机氮含量的调控主要集中在0—20cm土层,随着烟株生长期的推移,氮素用量的调控作用减弱。烟株从土壤中吸收的氮素主要集累在叶片中,且氮素的调控作用主要集中在打顶之前。For the sake of studying the growth of flue-cured tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.）,dynamic change of inorganic nitrogen content at different layers of tobacco-planted soil,and the variation of nitrogen accumulation in tobacco organs with different application rates of nitrogen fertilizer,the field experiments were conducted based on the same application amount of potassium and phosphate fertilizers,with 5levels of nitrogen application rates（0kg/hm2,22.5kg/hm2,37.5kg/hm2,52.5kg/hm2,and 67.5kg/hm2）in midland of Henan Province,in order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco,the contents of NO3--N and NH4＋-N in the tobacco-planted soil and the absorption contents of tobacco nitrogen.The results showed that,when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was in the range of 0~52.5kg/hm2,the plant height,leaf number,maximum length and width of leaves of tobacco at the stages of resettling,vigorous growth and round top,increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount.But when nitrogen application amount reached 67.5kg/hm2,the flue-cured tobacco agronomic characters were not significantly improves,and the normal senesced yellowing of tobacco was negatively affected.After 11 weeks of tobacco transplantation and before 9weeks of tobacco transplantation,the contents of NO3--N and NH4＋-N in 0—20cm soil layer increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application amount on NO3--N content was less in 20—40cm soil layer.The effect of nitrogenfertilizer application amount on NH4＋-N content was only concentrated before 9th week of tobacco transplantation,but there was no significant effect on inorganic nitrogen content in 40—60cm soil layer.The nitrogen accumulation in tobacco before 13 th week of transplantation was increased with the addition of nitrogen fertilizer application.The sequence of nitrogen accumulation in different tobacco organs was leafstem

关 键 词：烤烟 氮肥 硝态氮 铵态氮 

分 类 号：S572.043[农业科学—烟草工业]