论美国征收条款及对我国的启示  

On the U.S. Taking Clause and the Enlightenment Towards China

作　　者：杨显滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学法学院,上海200444

出　　处：《政法论丛》2015年第5期104-112,共9页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2015年上海高校青年教师培养资助计划项目"美国宪法征收条款及对我国的启示问题研究"的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：征收条款自《自由大宪章》以来经历了500多年的历史发展,最终在18世纪末以宪法第5修正案的形式落户美国宪法。第一次在美国联邦宪法层面提及"正当法律程序"、"公共使用"和"公平补偿",美国法院以此为依据游刃有余地处理各类征收案件,对政府管制性立法进行司法审查,最大限度实现政府权力与私人财产权的衡平。面对当下我国征收征用所引发的一系列社会问题,可当借鉴美国经验,在裁决征收征用案件时,坚持程序性正当法律程序与实质性正当法律程序并重,通过概括与列举方式对"公共利益"进行界定,建立公平市场价值与完全补偿相结合的补偿标准,缓解政府与财产所有者的矛盾,及时高效地解决征收征用问题。The Taking Clause comes through more than five hundred years of development of history from the Magna Carta , it settled down the Constitution of the United States finally through the way of the Fifth Amendment at the end of （the） 18th century. The clause refers to＂due process of law＂,＂public use＂ ,＂just compensation＂ in the Constitution of the United States level for the first time , the U. S. court deals with all kinds of taking cases easily ac- cording to the clause and implement judicial review to the regulatory legislations formulated by the government in or- der to achieve the balance between the governmental power and private property rights farthest. Faced with a series of social problems which the taking and expropriation bring about now , we should draw the American experience , insist that the equal stress should be laid on the procedural due process of law and substantive due process of law, define the＂public use＂ by the means of summarization and particularization and establish the compensational standard of combining the just vendibility with full compensation so as to relieve the contradiction between the government and the owner of property and solve the problems of taking and expropriation timely and effectively.

关 键 词：征收条款 正当程序 公共使用 公平补偿 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]