美国机动车污染控制经验及其对中国的启示研究  

The experience of motor vehicle pollution control in the United States and its enlightenment to China

作　　者：姜欢欢[1] 李瑞娟[1] 高颖楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2015年第10期104-110,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

摘　　要：机动车尾气排放是城市大气污染的重要来源,介绍了美国对机动车尾气控制管理的先进经验。首先美国建立了以《清洁空气法》为核心、多项法律为支撑的法律体系,将机动车与燃料作为一个系统,制定容易实施的燃料标准和污染物排放标准,并从能源效率控制、生产过程管理、在用车辆管理等多方面实施机动车污染控制的全过程管理。此外,在实施过程中,美国环境保护署和交通运输部紧密配合,职责分工明确,共同推动机动车污染控制,针对不同阶段的污染特征,逐步调整控制重点。在分析美国经验的基础上,结合中国目前机动车污染现状,从立法层面、管理手段、管理机构等方面对中国的机动车污染控制提出了相关对策建议。The emission of motor vehicle has become an important source of urban air pollution. The experience of vehicle exhaust emissions control in United States was introduced in this paper. Its control features were as follows： first,the ＂Clean air act＂ established a core with relevant laws as the support; second, the whole process man agement took car and fuel as a system,and controlled the pollution from the aspects of the energy efficiency control, production process management, in-use vehicle management by developing implementable fuel and emission stand- ards; third,the close cooperation and clear responsibilities between Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） and the Department of Transportation （DOT） promoted the motor vehicle pollution control; fourth,the EPA adjusted its pol- icies addressing the pollution characteristics at different stages gradually. Based on the analysis of the experience of the United States and the current domestic situations in China, this paper put forward some suggestions on the revision of laws, management approaches, and management organizations in China.

关 键 词：美国 机动车 污染控制 启示 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]