利用表型性状构建新疆野杏种质资源核心种质  

Establishment of wild apricot core collection based on phenotypic characters

作　　者：刘娟[1] 廖康[1] 曹倩[1] 孙琪[1] 刘欢[1] 贾杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2015年第5期787-796,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(201304701);新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目(201130102);新疆维吾尔自治区果树重点学科基金

摘　　要：【目的】以135份新疆野杏株系为试材,根据叶片、果实、果核和果仁等器官35个表型性状的遗传多样性,研究新疆野杏核心种质构建的方法。【方法】采用逐步聚类法,以25%的取样比例为例,通过3种取样策略、2种遗传距离和4种系统聚类方法相互组合构建了24个核心种质。并以筛选出的最佳构建策略进一步比较8种不同取样比例(15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%和50%)对构建核心种质的影响,以此来选择最适取样比例。通过对原种质、保留种质和核心种质的表型遗传多样性和变异程度,及各种质不同数量性状间的t检验来评价核心种质的代表性;并用主成分分析法对核心种质进行确认。【结果】构建新疆野杏核心种质时,2种遗传距离中欧氏距离优于马氏距离,4种聚类方法中离差平方和法优于另外3种,3种取样策略中优先取样策略较适宜新疆野杏核心种质的构建,而偏离度取样策略和随机取样策略则不适宜;25%是最适宜的取样比例;对核心种质的评价和确认表明,所构建的33份野杏核心种质资源可以很好地代表原种质,较好的保留了原种质的遗传多样性和变异。【结论】取样比例为25%时,采用优先取样策略,根据欧氏距离和离差平方和法进行逐步聚类构建的核心种质最有代表性,是构建新疆野杏核心种质的较好方法,并得到了33份代表种质,为野杏资源的有效保存奠定了基础。【Objective】The genetic diversity of 35 phenotypic characters from 135 wild apricots accessions was used to establishment of wild apricots core collection.【Methods】A total of 24 wild apricots core collections were constructed at 25% sampling proportion by two genetic distances,including Euclidean distance and Mahalanobis distance,combined with four cluster methods including UPGMA,Ward＇s method,Complete linkage and Single linkage,and with three sampling methods including random sampling,deviation sampling and preferred sampling,respectively,using stepwise clustering. Using the bestconstructing method,the optimum sampling proportion was filtrated under eight different sampling proportions（15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,45% and 50%）. To evaluate the representation of core collection based on the genetic diversity,variation,and the t-test of different quantitative character of initial collection,core collection and reserve collection; to confirm the core germplasm by using principal component analysis.【Results】In constructing wild apricot core collection,Euclidean distance was much better than Mahalanobis distance. Comparing the four cluster methods,the Ward＇s method was better than UPGMA,Single linkage and Complete linkage for constructing core collection. The preferred sampling was suitable for constructing core collection of wild apricot,while the deviation sampling and random sampling method were not,and the preferred sampling could significantly increase VD%,CR% and VR%. Twenty-five percent was the optimum sampling proportion. The evaluation and validation of core collection showed that initial collection has been well represented by the 33 core collection resources of wild apricot,and the genetic diversity and variation were well saved.【Conclusion】At 25% sampling proportion,using stepwise clustering,Euclidean distance and Ward＇s method combined with preferred sampling can construct the most reprehensive core collection and is the most suitable method for constructing wild apricot core collecti

关 键 词：新疆野杏 核心种质 遗传距离 聚类方法 取样策略 表型性状 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]