基于语料特点判断的上古出土文献某字存否研究——以“信”字为例  

Judging the Existence or Nonexistence of Certain Chinese Characters in Excavated Documents of Archaic China According to the Features of Linguistic Materials: A Case Study on the Character of “Xin”

作　　者：刘志基[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心,上海200241

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第5期208-215,225,共8页Journal of East China Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"出土古文献语料库建设研究"(10&ZD118)阶段性成果

摘　　要：针对某些文字上古存否无解的问题,本文立足语料特点判断理论,以甲骨文、西周金文"信"字探究为例,提出新的研究思路:在能够全面反映断代用字存在实际,并要求相关字必须露脸的语境内,通过地毯式搜索来给出答案。具体判断逻辑是:其一,虽某字依据语境要求当见而未见,但却有同义它字填补缺位,则表明某字因其前身尚在而没有存在的理由;其二,依据后世观念某字在相关文献语境中当见而未见,又没有与之同义之字替代其履行记语之职,则意味着某字的缺位源自相关文化观念的缺失或被关注程度不够。The problem of the existence or nonexistence of certain Chinese characters in ancient times has not been solved till now. Based on the theory of judging from the futures of linguistic materials,this paper takes the character 'xin'( 信) in oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions in the West Zhou Dynasty as an example so as to put forward a new approach: an exhausted search can tell us the answer in the context that can fully reflect the existence of characters in a certain time and requires a compulsive appearance of relative characters. Since we can figure out the contexts in oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions in the West Zhou Dynasty where the character 'xin'shall appear,and such contexts belong to heated topics in which'xin'must appear if it exists,the fact that the character 'xin'is not in extant oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions in the West Zhou Dynasty means that 'xin'did not exist in the writing system in the Shang and West Zhou Dynasties.

关 键 词：上古出土文献 语料特点 某字存否 信 甲骨文 金文 

分 类 号：H121[语言文字—汉语]