美国单身母亲与抚养未成年子女家庭援助政策改革——社会性别的视角  

Single- mothers and Reform of AFDC in USA——the Perspective of Gender

作　　者：胡杰容[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学社会学院,北京100088

出　　处：《社会工作与管理》2015年第5期66-73,91,共8页Social Work and Management

摘　　要：女性与福利之间的关系是社会政策研究的重要议题。从政策预设、规定与实践上看,美国的＂抚养未成年子女家庭援助政策＂（AFDC）是一个性别化的社会政策项目,它从既定的性别分工出发,强调满足现实性别需求,强化了母亲和儿童照顾者的传统性别角色。1962~1996年间,贫困的女主家庭成为AFDC津贴最主要的领取者,并被污名化为＂福利皇后＂。尽管AFDC及其取而代之的＂贫困家庭临时救助政策＂（TANF）强调工作福利,力图通过工作要求和工作刺激来结束福利依赖,却导致一些单身母亲成为工作穷人,并面临工作和家庭照顾的双重重担。只有从战略性别需求的角度,改善劳动力市场的性别结构分化,完善公共性儿童服务体系,才能改善单身母亲的社会经济状况。The relationship between women and social welfare is an important issue in social policy research.According to assumptions,rules and practices,AFDC is a gendered social policy program. From the existing division of gender,it emphasized the practical gender needs and strengthened their roles of mother and children career. During 1962-1996,poor single-mothers became the main recipient of AFDC benefit and were stigmatized as welfare queen. Even workfare,including work requirement and work incentive,was emphasized to end the welfare dependency by AFDC and TANF. But these social policies caused some of them to become the working poor,and face the dual burdens of employment and children care. Only when the structural division of labor market is changed and public service system for children is built from strategic gender needs,could the social and economic status of single mothers be improved.

关 键 词：单身母亲 AFDC TANF 现实性别需求 战略性别需求 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]