南海新建钢质罩网渔船渔获组成及渔场分析  

Analysis on catch compositioin and fishing ground by new-built steel light falling-net fishing in the South China Sea

作　　者：陈森[1] 张鹏[1] 晏磊[1] 李杰[1] 杨炳忠[1] 谭永光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2015年第5期125-131,共7页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：农业部财政重大专项(NFZX2013);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA092303);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD13B06);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所)资助项目(2014TS14);广东省科技计划项目(2014A02021701)

摘　　要：根据2012年8月-2014年6月＂粤电渔42212＂渔船的生产数据,分析了南海区大型钢质灯光罩网渔船的渔获组成和渔场渔期。结果显示,主要渔获种类为鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）、鲹科（Carangidae）、鲭科（Scombrida）、枪乌贼（Loliginidae）和带鱼（Trichiurus japonicus）,分别占总渔获产量的69.8%、12.6%、7.3%、3.9%和3.5%。作业渔场可分为近海陆架区和外海深水区,其中陆架区渔获种类相对较多,包括科、枪乌贼、带鱼、鲭科等;而深水区渔获以鸢乌贼为主,其他种类相对较少。近海陆架区作业月份为8月至翌年2月,每月作业1-20 d,平均作业10 d,渔获率为370.5-3 670.0 kg·d^-1,平均渔获率1 152.0 kg·d^-1。深水区作业集中在2月-6月,每月作业1-30 d,平均作业13 d,渔获率为1 000-10 190 kg·d^-1,平均渔获率4 071.3 kg·d^-1。相对于近海陆架区,灯光罩网渔业在外海深水区渔获效率更高、产量更大,在现有资源条件下应大力发展大型钢质灯光罩网渔船,积极开发南海外海渔业资源。Based on the catch records of＂YUE DIAN YU NO. 42212＂from August 2012 to June 2014,we studied the catch composition and fishing season by steel light falling-net fishing vessels in the South China Sea. The results show that Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,Carangidae,Scombrid,Loliginidae and Trichiurus japonicas were the main catch species,accounting for 69. 8%,12. 6%,7. 3%,3. 9% and 3. 5% of the total catch,respectively. The fishing ground could be divided into continental shelf waters and deep waters of high seas. Main catch species in shelf waters were Carangidae,Loliginidae,Trichiurus japonicas and Scombrida; the main catch species in deep waters was Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,which was less diverse. The fishing season in shelf waters was from August to February in the next year（ 1 - 20 fishing days per month and 10 d averagely; the average catch per day in one month was 370. 5 - 3 670kg·d^-1and 1 152. 0 kg·d^-1averagely）. The fishing season in deep waters was from February to June（ 1 - 30 fishing days per month and 13 d averagely; the average catch per day in one month was 1 000. 0 - 10 190. 0 kg·d^-1and 4 071. 3 kg·d^-1averagely）. Since the fishing operation in deep waters had higher productivity and more total catch than those in shelf waters,it is necessary to develop steel light falling-net fishing vessels to explore the fishery resources in deep waters of high seas.

关 键 词：南海 灯光罩网 渔获组成 渔场 渔期 

分 类 号：S937.3[农业科学—渔业资源]