基于不同需求的事故型水污染风险源评估研究  

Assessment of Risk Sources of Accidental Water Pollution Based on Different Requirements

作　　者：李宗峰[1] 曾波[1] 

机构地区：[1]三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室,西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第9期127-132,共6页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(XDJK2014C060);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07528-003-07)

摘　　要：为了评估事故型水污染风险源的风险大小,建立了基于风险品数量,基于风险品数量和毒性,基于风险品数量、风险品毒性和风险源发生事故概率,3个精度递进、满足不同需求的事故型水污染风险源评估技术;并以三峡库区内化工企业类型风险源为研究对象,开展风险源评估研究工作.研究结果表明:整个三峡库区内,化工企业类型风险源有141个;基于风险源中风险品数量评估,特大风险源19个,重大风险源34个,二者占风险源总数的37.59%;基于风险品数量和毒性评估,特大风险源6个,重大风险源20个,二者占风险源总数的18.44%;基于风险品数量、毒性和风险源发生事故概率评估,特大风险源6个,重大风险源16个,二者占风险源总数的15.60%;特大风险源和重大风险源主要分布在重庆市的长寿区和涪陵区,主要为药品制造、化学原料制造、肥料制造、染料制造、炼焦以及石油加工等行业.基于不同需求的事故型水污染风险源评估技术可操作性强,便于企业、环保部门的风险评估和风险预警.In order to quantitatively evaluate the risk of accidental water environment pollution sources,a risk assessment technology based on three progressive aspects（the quantity of dangerous goods,the quantity and toxicity of dangerous goods,and the quantity and toxicity of the dangerous goods and the accident probability of the risk source）to meet the different requirements was established.Then,this risk assessment technology was used to assess the risk sources of different chemical enterprises in the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR）region.The results showed that in the TGR region,there were 141 risk sources of such enterprises.Based on the assessment according to the quantity of dangerous goods,the number of serious risk sources and major risk sources was found to be 19 and 34respectively,which accounted for 37.59%of the whole pollution sources.For the second aspect,the number of serious and major risk sources was 6and20 respectively,accounting for 18.44% of the total,while in terms of the third assessment aspect,the number of serious and major risk sources was 6and 16,respectively,accounting for 15.60% of the total.The serious and major risk sources in the Three Gorges Reservoir region were mainly in the fields of medicine manufacturing,chemical raw material manufacturing,fertilizer production,dye,coking and petroleum processing,and located in Changshou and Fuling districts in Chongqing.Such a risk source assessment technology for different requirements is characterized by good operability and is recommended for enterprises and environmental protection departments to employ in their risk assessment and early warning.

关 键 词：风险源 化工企业 三峡库区 事故型水污染 风险源评估 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]