钾肥用量对麦棉两熟制作物产量和钾肥利用率的影响  

Effect of potassium application on crop yields and potassium use efficiencies in a wheat-cotton double cropping system

作　　者：董合林[1] 李鹏程[1] 刘敬然[1] 刘爱忠[1] 孙淼[1] 赵新华[1] 刘志红[1] 王晓茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第5期1159-1168,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2014A18);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-18-17)项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】本试验旨在明确施钾量对麦棉两熟制作物产量和钾肥利用率的影响,确定周年两季作物最高产量与经济最佳钾肥施用量,为黄淮海平原麦棉两熟制地区合理施用钾肥提供依据。【方法】试验于2008 2009年分别在黄淮海平原黄淮亚区的商丘市和黄海亚区的内黄县进行,采用麦棉两季田间定位试验,两季施钾总量设置5个水平(K2O 0、105、210、315、420 kg/hm2),其中小麦和棉花的单季施钾量各占总量的50%(即K2O 0、52.5、105、157.5、210 kg/hm2),各处理氮肥和磷肥施用量一致。分析不同施钾量的麦、棉产量及构成因素、两季产值与效益及钾肥利用率的差异;建立麦、棉钾肥效应方程,计算麦、棉两季最高产量及经济最佳施钾量。【结果】1)与对照(K2O 0 kg/hm2)相比,商丘市和内黄县试验点4个施钾处理的小麦子粒产量显著提高,分别增产6.6%9.8%和7.2%8.9%,以施钾105 kg/hm2的产量最高,但4个施钾处理间产量差异不显著;施钾可显著提高小麦穗粒数和千粒重;施钾对小麦有效穗数无显著影响;商丘和内黄试点小麦经济最佳施钾量分别为75.7 kg/hm2和63.9 kg/hm2,最高产量施钾量分别为143.2 kg/hm2和111.6 kg/hm2。2)与对照(K2O 0 kg/hm2)相比,商丘和内黄试验点4个施钾处理的棉花分别增产42.3%52.5%和10.9%15.6%,以施K2O 105 kg/hm2的产量最高,4个施钾处理间产量差异不显著;施钾可显著提高棉花单株成铃数和铃重,对衣分无显著影响。商丘和内黄试点棉花经济最佳施钾量分别为106.9 kg/hm2和111.3 kg/hm2,最高产量施钾量分别为113.2 kg/hm2和138.0 kg/hm2。3)施钾可显著提高麦棉两季总产值和效益,均以两季施钾210 kg/hm2的总产值和效益最高,但4个施钾处理间差异不显著。在一定施钾量范围内,小麦和棉花的氮、磷、钾养分积累量随施钾量的提高而增加,但施钾量超过这一范围后氮、磷、钾养分的积累量趋于稳定。商丘试点�[Objectives] The aim for this study was to define effect of potassium application rate on crop yields and potassium use efficiencies in a wheat-cotton double cropping system, and to determine the highest yield and economic optimum potassium fertilizer rate for the two crops. The results could provide evidence for suitable potassium applied amount in the wheat and cotton cropping system of North China Plain. [Methods] The fieldexperiments with five treatments of total K2 O application rates（0, 105, 210, 315 and 420 kg/hm2 ） were conducted in Shangqiu city and Neihuang county, Henan province from 2008 to 2009. The single-season K2 O application rates for wheat and/or cotton were 50% of the total, and the nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers for each treatment were the same. Through analyzing the difference of crop yield, output value and increased benefit of wheat and cotton, and potassium use efficiency（ KUE） in the five potassium treatments, the maximum yield and economic optimum potassium application rate of wheat-cotton were calculated using potassium mathematical modeling. [Results]1 ） Compared to K2 O 0 kg/hm2 , the wheat yield for the other four potassium treatments are increased by 6. 6%-9. 8%and 7. 2%-8. 9% in the two experimental sites, respectively, and the highest yield is obtained at the potassium rate of 105 kg/hm2 , whereas there are no differences among the four potassium treatments. In addition, wheat grains per spike and 1000-grain weights are increased significantly in the four potassium treatments（P〈0. 05）, whereas no significant differences are observed in the effective spike numbers. Moreover, the optimum wheat yields are obtained at the potassium application rates of 75. 7 kg/hm2 and 63. 9 kg/hm2 , respectively, in the two experimental sites, whereas the maximum wheat yields appear at the potassium application rates of 143. 2 kg/hm2 and 111. 6 kg/hm2 , respectively. 2） Compared to K2 O 0 kg/hm2 , the cotton yields for the other four potassium treatments are increased by 42. 3%

关 键 词：钾肥用量 麦棉两熟制 产量 钾肥利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S562