不同水分条件下先锋植物博落回对氮磷胁迫的生物学响应  

Biological response of pioneer plant Macleaya cordata to N and P stresses under different water conditions

作　　者：王慧[1] 孙泰森[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源与环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第5期1320-1327,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871483)资助

摘　　要：【目的】由于在2008年9月8日,山西省襄汾县发生尾矿库特别重大溃坝事故,造成下游农田土壤被溃坝物覆盖,严重影响了土壤性状和生产力。为了研究该区被尾矿污染土壤的修复问题,本文利用溃坝覆盖后的尾矿与表土混合形成的生土为栽培基质,通过盆栽土培试验研究不同水分条件下施氮与施磷处理对修复植物博落回的生长及生理状况、根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响,以期为襄汾"9.8"溃坝区种植作物的筛选与管理提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2013年3月至12月在山西农业大学实验农场内进行。试验设低水(田间持水量的35%40%,W1)、中水(田间持水量的45%50%,W2)和高水(田间持水量的75%80%,W3)3个水分处理,在此基础上设中氮(N 0.2 g/kg,N1)、低氮(不施氮,N0)以及中磷(P2O50.2 g/kg,P1)和低磷(不施磷,P0)各两个水平,共组成12个处理(W1N0P0、W2N0P0、W3N0P0、W1N0P1、W2N0P1、W3N0P1、W1N1P0、W2N1P0、W3N1P0、W1N1P1、W2N1P1、W3N1P1),每个处理重复10次。于博落回生长中期(7月6日)取5次重复,测定植株株高、茎粗、地上生物量、总根长、总根重以及根系吸收面积、根活力、根系超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量,并测定根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量;其余5次重复用于收获时(11月2日)时测定生物产量。【结果】干旱胁迫及低磷、低氮胁迫对博落回的生长指标、生理指标及根际微生物数量与酶活性均有明显的抑制作用。溃坝覆盖后形成的生土施用氮(尿素)、磷肥(过磷酸钙)或灌水,均可不同程度地增加博落回的株高、茎粗、地上生物量、根重、总根长、根系总吸收面积及活性吸收面积,提高其SOD和POD活性并降低MDA含量。单施氮的效果不如单施磷肥;缺水条件下的施肥效果小于供水处理;供水、施氮及施磷三者之间具有明显的加合效应。磷是襄汾"9.8"溃坝区生土地上�[Objectives]On September 8 , 2008 , a catastrophic dam failure accident occurred in the tailing pond of the Xinta Mining Ltd. Co. Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province, China. Residual tailings from the 9. 8Xiangfen tailings dam failure covered the land and mixed with surface soil, and formed immature soil. With the immature soil as culture medium, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate effect of nitrogen （ N ） and phosphorous （ P ） applications on growth and physiological indicators of Macleaya cordata as well as associated soil enzyme activities＆amp;nbsp;and rhizosphere microbial quantity under different water conditions, aiming to provide a reference for screening and management of local alternative cultivated plants in the disaster area of the “9. 8” Xiangfen tailings dam failure.[Methods] The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm of Shanxi Agricultural University from March to December, 2013. N and P fertilizer was applied at two levels：intermediate N（N 0. 2 g/kg, N1）and low N（N 0 g/kg, N0）;and intermediate P（P2O5 0. 2 g/kg, P1）and low P（P2O5 0 g/kg, P0）. Water conditions were set at three levels：low water（35%-40% of field capacity, W1 ） , intermediate water（45%-50% of field capacity, W2 ） , and high water （ 75%-80% of field capacity W3 ） . Totally 12 treatments were included： W1 N0 P 0 , W2 N0 P 0 , W3N0P0, W1N0P1, W2N0P1, W3N0P1, W1N1P0, W2N1P0, W3N1P0, W1N1P1, W2N1P1, W3N1P1, and each treatment was repeated 10 times. At the middle growth stage of M. cordata （July 6）, five replicates were used for determining plant height, stem diameter, aboveground biomass, total root length, root weight, root absorption area, root vigor, root superoxide dismutase（ SOD） and peroxidase（ POD） activities, and malondialdehyde（ MDA） content, as well as rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass. The other 5 replicates were used for determining the biological yield of M. cordata after the harvest（November 2）. [Results] Drought and lo

关 键 词：生土 博落回 旱薄胁迫 施肥 根系 生物学响应 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]