劳动收入份额“U形”演变规律的新解释:要素禀赋结构与技术进步方向的视角  

A New Interpretation of the “U-hape” Evolution Rule of Labor Income Share:From the Perspectives of Factor Endowment Structure and Directed Technical Change

作　　者：王林辉[1] 赵景[2] 李金城[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学商学院,上海200241 [2]东北师范大学经济学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《财经研究》2015年第10期17-30,共14页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14BJL031;15AZD002);教育部新世纪优秀人才项目(NCET-12-0818);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71573088)

摘　　要：当前劳动收入份额的持续下降已引发社会各界的广泛关注,现有文献更多地从产业结构、制度和劳动者谈判力等角度展开分析,相关观点对某一特定经济体的劳动收入份额变化有着较强的解释力,却无法诠释世界范围内劳动收入占比的下降。为此,文章从要素禀赋结构和技术进步偏向性视角重新审视劳动收入份额演变的成因,采用供给面三方程标准化系统方法测算了全国及各地区技术进步偏向性指数。结果显示,中国的技术进步整体上呈现资本偏向性,即更有助于提高资本边际产出而恶化劳动收入分配地位。文章进一步采用面板数据门限回归方法检验了要素禀赋结构、技术进步方向与劳动收入份额的关系。研究发现,要素禀赋结构对技术进步方向的影响存在门限效应,决定了劳动收入份额的U形演变规律,即劳动收入份额随劳均资本的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,转折阈值约为6.381万元;我国多数地区处于U形走势左侧,只有部分地区跨越了门限值而进入到劳动收入份额上升通道。因此,若要有效抑制劳动收入份额的下降,应关注要素禀赋结构和技术进步方向的影响。Current consecutive decline concern in the society, and most literature in labor income share has attracted widespread explains labor income share in terms of indus- trial structure, institutions and bargaining power of workers. Related viewpoints provide strong explanation of the changes in labor income share in a particular economy, but they are powerless to interpret worldwide decline in labor income share. Therefore, this paper reexamines the causes of the evolution of labor income share in terms of factor endowment structure and biased technical change, and estimates national and regional biased technical change indexes through three-equation normalized supply-side system. The results show that technical change in China is capital-biased, improving the marginal product of capital but deteriorating the distribution position of labor income. Moreover, it examines the rela- tionship between factor endowment structure, directed technical change and labor income share by panel threshold regression method, and concludes that there exists threshold effect as for the impact of factor endowment structure on directed technical change, deter- mining the U-shape rule of labor income share, which means that labor income share expe- riences a trend from decrease to increase as capital per labor increases; and the transition threshold is about 63.81 thousand yuan; the majority of regions in China are on the left side of the U-shape line, and only a small group cross the threshold and enter a uptrend channel of labor income share. So factor endowment structure and directed technical change should be taken into account in order to effectively inhibit the decline in labor in- come share.

关 键 词：劳动收入份额 技术进步方向 U形规律 门限效应 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]