大数据时代的认知转向及其对科研管理的影响  

The Cognitive Turn of Big Data and its Influence on Scientific Research Management

作　　者：闫奎铭 孙雍君[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京101408 [2]北京科技大学校团委 [3]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2015年第20期101-106,共6页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

摘　　要：大数据时代的到来带来了一系列人类认知层面的转向,突出表现在人类从以往观察有限视角中的世界,转向更为全面地表征世界的大数据,从而实现了认知视角的平等化;并且大数据时代让经典和权威受到更为空前规模的洗礼,使得以往的知识等级受到冲击,实现了认知身份的平等化;而对于知识生产而言,由于每个人提供的数据都可以平等地成为未来知识的元数据,这又实现了知识创造的平等性。大数据时代人类认知的"去等级化"转向,客观上要求科研管理工作对科技创新、创新人才等基本概念进行反思,并调整其管理科技创新事业的思路和政策导向。The arrival of the era of big data has brought a series of changes in human cognition,which is the turn from the traditional limited perspective to the whole world represented by big data,that leads to the equality of cognitive perspective;What＇s more,the big data gives a unprecedented baptism to the classic and authority,so that the level of knowledge is affected,everyone should acquire knowledge equally;and during the production of knowledge,everyone can be the source the metadata,so we should produce knowledge equally.The turn of de-hierarchy of cognition in the era of big data urge us to rethink the concepts of science and technology innovation,innovative talents in the area of scientific research management,and how to adjust the management of scientific and technological innovation and policy guidance.

关 键 词：大数据 认知转向 去等级化 知识创新 科研管理 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学]