近40年来贵州高原典型区土地利用变化及驱动机制  

History of Land Use Change and Driving Mechanism of Typical Guizhou Plateau Region During 40 Years

作　　者：秦罗义[1,2] 白晓永[1,3] 王世杰[1,3] 周德全[2] 陈伟燕[1,4] 罗光杰[1,4] 张斯屿[1,4] 崔泽银[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550002 [2]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001 [3]中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,贵州普定562100 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《山地学报》2015年第5期619-628,共10页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家973项目(2013CB956704);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项重大课题(XDA05070400);贵州省科技计划(黔科合重大专项字﹝2012﹞6015号);国家自然科学基金项目(41001162)~~

摘　　要：为了揭示喀斯特地区的土地利用变化过程及其驱动机制,以贵州高原普定县为研究对象,在GIS和RS技术支持下,结合景观指数分析方法,利用1973年MSS,1990年、2002年和2009年TM 4期遥感影像,对土地利用变化的幅度、速度、区域差异和景观格局进行了定量分析。结果表明:1.土地利用结构变化主要为耕地和林草地间的相互转化,主要表现为1990年之前,后者向前者转移,转移比例为28.83%;1990年之后,前者向后者转移,转移比例为16.30%。2.水域和难利用地面积先增加后减少,研究时段内比例分别增加了0.81%和1.14%,建设用地一直呈增加趋势,增加了2.98%。3.景观的破碎度和优势度先增加后减少,但多样性和均匀度先减少后增加。结合驱动力分析表明,研究期内整体可分为3个明显时段,分别为"1990年之前"、"1990—2002年"和"2002年之后",在遥感影像和土地利用图上呈现出生态"恶化"-"好转"-"并存"的特点,同与之相伴的"生态破坏"-"生态治理"-"开发与破坏并存"的人类驱动呈显著相关性。In order to reveal the process and driving mechanism of land use change in karst region,put Puding county of Guizhou plateau,China as the research object,with the GIS and RS technology support,and combine with the landscape index analysis method,using 1973 MSS,1990,2002 and 2009 TM remote sensing image to quantitative analysis the extent,speed,regional difference and landscape pattern of land use change. The results show that： 1. The main structure change of land use is the mutual conversion between woodland,grassland and farmland,before 1990,the woodland and grassland transfer to the farmland was 28. 83%; but after 1990,the farmland transfer to the woodland and grassland was 16. 30%. 2. Waters and unused land increased first and then decline,the proportion increased by 0. 81% and 1. 14% respectively in study period,and the trend of construction land has been increased by 2. 98%. 3. Landscape fragmentation and dominance index increased after decreased first,but diversity and evenness increased after decreases first. Combine with the driving force analysis suggests that study period cloud be divided into three obvious times： ＂before 1990＂,＂1990-2002＂and ＂after 2002＂,and in remote sensing image or land use map,the characteristics of ecological presents＂worse＂→＂better＂→＂coexist＂,it relates to the human driver of ＂ecological destruction＂→＂ecological restoration ＂→＂ restoration and destruction coexistence＂.

关 键 词：土地利用/覆被变化 景观格局 驱动机制 贵州高原 普定县 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]