女子赛艇2000m模拟比赛划过程中能量代谢和能效特点  

Characteristics of Energy Metabolism and Energy Efficiency of Women's 2000m Race on Rowing Dynamometer

作　　者：资薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学体育学院,河南开封475000

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2015年第9期130-135,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：河南省科技发展计划项目(142400410689);河南大学横向课题项目(20140101)

摘　　要：为探究赛艇项目2 000 m比赛过程运动员机体的能量代谢特征和能效特点,选取某省女子赛艇运动员21名,根据其训练年限分成3组,采用赛艇测功仪进行2 000 m模拟比赛划,并结合国内外相关的文献进行统计分析,结论如下:1)赛艇运动员采用测功仪进行2 000 m全力划过程中其有氧和无氧供能比例分别为85.0%和15.0%,且该比例不会因为训练年限和训练水平的高低而发生较大的变化;2)无氧无乳酸和无氧乳酸供能部分的差异可能受到了赛艇运动员训练水平、性别等因素的影响;3)高水平的赛艇运动员相比低水平而言需要更多的有氧能耗;4)赛艇运动员的内部能效与其训练年限成正比。根据结论可知,赛艇运动员水平的高低取决于机体的有氧供能系统和无氧无乳酸供能系统,建议在训练中应该采用"两极化"训练模式,即以发展有氧供能的有氧训练(低强度)和无氧无乳酸供能的超高强度速度训练或短距离冲刺训练为主。In order to explore the characteristics of energy metabolism and energy efficiency in 2000 m rowing,21 female rowers participated in this research,and they were divided into three groups according to their training length,and they underwent 2000 m race on rowing dynamometer. Data was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows：1） The ratio of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply is 85% and 15% respectively,and it will not change with the length of training or training level. 2） The difference of anaerobic energy supply with lactic acid or without lactic acid may be influenced by training level and gender. 3） Compared with normal rowers,elite rowers need more aerobic energy supply. 4） Energy efficiency is proportional to length of training in rowers. Thus,rowers＇ performance is dependent on aerobic energy supply system and anaerobic energy supply without lactic acid system; we suggest using polarized-training model that developed low intensity aerobic training（ aerobic energy supply） as well as super-high intensity training or short distance sprint training（ anaerobic energy supply without lactic acid）.

关 键 词：女子赛艇 有氧供能 无氧乳酸供能 无氧无乳酸供能 能效 

分 类 号：G861.4[文化科学—体育训练]